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Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

A technique used to amplify specific DNA sequences, allowing for analysis of genetic material.

Nucleic Acid Isolation

The process of extracting nucleic acids (DNA or RNA) from cells or tissues without degrading their quality.

Thermocyling Conditions

The specific temperature settings and time intervals used during PCR to denature, anneal, and extend DNA.

Master Mix

A solution prepared in PCR containing all necessary components except for primers and template DNA.

Amplicon

The resulting product of PCR amplification, which consists of a specific segment of DNA.

Real-time PCR (QPCR)

A quantitative method of PCR that allows for the measurement of DNA in real-time during the amplification process.

Electrophoresis

A technique used to separate molecules based on size and charge by applying an electric field to a gel.

Positive Control

A sample known to produce a positive result to ensure the PCR method is working correctly.

Negative Control

A sample known not to contain the target nucleic acid, used to check for contamination in the PCR process.

Sequencing

The process of determining the nucleotide order of a DNA segment.

PCR Inhibitors

Substances that can interfere with the PCR process and reduce its efficiency, often present in environmental samples.

Multiplex PCR

A PCR technique that allows simultaneous amplification of multiple targets in a single reaction.

Quality Control (QC)

Procedures and steps taken to ensure PCR techniques are performed accurately and produce reliable results.

Gel Electrophoresis

A method for separating DNA fragments to visualize and confirm the results of PCR amplification.

Reverse Transcription

The process of converting RNA into complementary DNA (cDNA), typically used in gene expression studies.

Melting Curve Analysis

A technique used after PCR to assess the specificity of amplicons by measuring the temperature at which they denature.