Temperature and Thermal Energy

These flashcards cover key vocabulary terms and concepts related to temperature and thermal energy from the lecture.

Temperature

The degree of hotness or coldness of objects, representing the average kinetic energy of particles.

Thermal Energy

The total amount of energy needed to increase or decrease the temperature of objects.

Unit of Temperature

Degree Celsius is the measuring unit for temperature.

Unit of Thermal Energy

Joules are the measuring unit for thermal energy.

What determines thermal energy in an object?

The mass and temperature change affects the total amount of thermal energy in an object.

Ideal Liquid for Thermometers

Mercury is the preferred liquid in thermometers due to its regular expansion properties.

Regular Expansion

The property of mercury where its volume changes consistently with temperature, allowing accurate measurement.

Thermometer

An instrument used to measure temperature.

Normal Human Body Temperature

37 degrees Celsius is the normal temperature of the human body.

Intermolecular Space in Solids

The space between particles in solids is very narrow.

Particle Motion in Solids

Particles in solids exhibit vibrational motion due to strong intermolecular forces.

States of Matter

The three states of matter are solid, liquid, and gas.

Effect of Mass on Thermal Energy

Higher mass means more thermal energy is required to increase temperature.

Arrangement of Particles in Liquids

Particles in liquids are less closely packed than in solids, allowing them to move more freely.

Arrangement of Particles in Gases

Particles in gases are far apart and can move freely.

Factors Affecting Thermal Energy

Mass and temperature change are key factors that affect the total amount of thermal energy.

Energy Transformation

Thermal energy can change into kinetic energy, causing particles to move faster.

Boiling vs Warming Energy Requirement

Boiling requires more thermal energy than warming due to higher temperatures.

Impact of Particle Number on Thermal Energy

Increasing the number of particles increases the thermal energy required.

What is vibrational motion?

A type of motion in solids where particles vibrate around a fixed position.

Difference between Temperature and Thermal Energy

Temperature measures the average kinetic energy, while thermal energy measures the total energy.

Kinetic Energy

The energy of a particle due to its motion.

What happens when temperature increases?

Thermal energy is added to the system.

What happens when temperature decreases?

Thermal energy is lost from the system.

How is temperature measured?

Temperature is measured using a thermometer.

Why is mercury used in thermometers?

Mercury has a property of regular expansion, making it effective for temperature measurement.

Relation between mass and thermal energy

As mass increases, the total amount of thermal energy also increases.

How are thermal energy and temperature related?

Both are related to the energy state of particles, but measure different aspects.