Chemistry Reactions

Hydrohalogenation (HX)

• Type: Electrophilic additions

• Intermediate Carbocation

• Regio: Markovnikov

• Stereo: Non stereospecific

• Rearrangements: YES

• Produces X in final product. Where X=Halogen

Hydration of Alkene (H2O/H+)

• Type: Electrophilic Addition

• intermediate Carbocation

• Regio: Markovnikov

• Stereo: Non Stereospecific

• Rearrangements: Yes

• Produces OH in final product

Halogenation (Br2/Cl2)

• Type: Electrophilic addition

• Intermediate: Bridged Halonium Ion

• Regio: Not important

• Stereo: ANTI

• Rearrangements: NO

Halohydrin Formation (Br2 + H2O)

• Type: Electrophilic addition

• Intermediate: Bridged Halonium ion

• Regio: OH will be on the more substituted carbon

• Stereo: ANTI

• Rearrangements: NO

• The Final products will have the X (Halogen) on the less substituted carbon and the OH on the more substituted carbon

Oxymercuration-Reduction 1)Hg(OAC)2, H2O 2) NaBH4

• Type: Electrophilic additions

• Intermediate: Bridged Mercurinium ion

• Regio: Markovnikov

• Stereo: Anti-like

• Rearrangements: No

• OH will be on the more substituted carbon while an H (from the HgOAC) will be on the less substituted carbon.

Hydroboration-Oxidations 1) BH3 2)H2O2, NaOH

• Type: Concerted Addition

• Intermediate: None

• Regio: Anti-markovnikov

• Stereo: SYN

• Rearrangements: NO

• The OH group will be on the less substituted carbon

Epoxidation (mCPBA)

• Type: Concerted Addition

• Intermediate: None

• Stereo: Stereospecific

• The final product forms a bridged oxygen atom

Osmylations

• Type: Oxidation

• Intermediate Cyclic osmate

• Stereo: Syn

• Final product: 2 OHs on each side with same face.

Ozonolysis (O3)

• Type: Oxidative Cleavage

• Intermediate: Ozonide

• Stereo: N/A

• Final product splits the compound through its double bond replacing with Oxygen at each end.

Hydrogenations (H2/Pd)

• Type: Reduction

• Intermediate: Metal Surface complex

• Stereo: SYN

• The Final product will have a removed double bond with Hs on the same face replacing them.