Political History

Exam

Richelieus raison détat

________ kept Germany divided for more than 2 centuries.

Napoleon III

________ fueled Italian nationalism against Austria and helped Italy defeat Austria in the 1859 war.

Bismarck

________ considered the Crimean War and the ensuing Austrian- Russian split as a « diplomatic revolution ».

unification of Germany

The ________ generated two great schisms in Europe:

Bismarcks Germany

________ was not designed as the nation- state of all ethnic Germans.

Disraeli

________ considered the 1870 Franco- Prussian War the « German Revolution ».

Otto von Bismarck

________ had been Prussias ambassador to Russia, France, and the German Confederation up until 1862 when he became Prussian Chancellor.

Benjamin Disraeli

________ was the Tory /conservative British prime minister (1874- 80)

Austria

1859 Austro- Italian War- ________ was defeated and expelled from North Italy.

constitution Bismarck

The ________ established for Germany had many flaws in it: the government and the Prime Minister were not controlled by the parliament; they were instead appointed by the emperor and could be removed only by him.

strong Germany

Weak & ________ are both not good for peace & stability in Europe.

Bismarcks Realpolitik

________ brought about the unification of Germany.

Britain

In ________, the Tory /Conservative Party, which was the party of imperialism, was very anti- Russian; Tory governments ruled ________ for most of the time from 1874 up to 1905 (The two main Tory Prime Ministers during this time were Benjamin Disraeli and Lord Salisbury)

Napoleon III

________ instigated the Crimean War that eventually split Austria and Russia apart.

Bismarck

________ only fought a limited war against Austria in 1866 and at the end convinced his military generals not to march on Vienna.

Disraeli

________ was the stateman who most quickly grasped the importance of German unification for European peace and stability.

Napoleon III

________ was one of the two destroyers of the « Concert of Europe ».

Bismarck

________ was the German counterpart of Richelieu (raison détat)

Napoleon III

________ brought Industrial Revolution to France and gave Paris the modern form it has today.

Bismarck

________ had a fierce domestic clash with Prussian conservatives (his mentor Leopold von Gerlach) over whether or not to support Austria.

Bismarck

________ did not support Austria during the 1859 Austro- Italian War.

Napoleon III

________ did nothing to prevent Austrian defeat in the 1866 Prussian- Austrian War.

1859 Austro-Italian War  

Austria was defeated and expelled from North Italy

1866 Austro-Prussian War

Austria was defeated and Prussia got most of the territories in the German Confederation

Napoleon III

The erratic emperor

Napoleon III did nothing to prevent Austrian defeat in the 1866 Prussian

Austrian War

Bismarcks legacy

«unassimilable greatness»

Benjamin Disraeli was the Tory/conservative British prime minister (1874

80)

The constitution Bismarck established for Germany had many flaws in it

the government and the Prime Minister were not controlled by the parliament; they were instead appointed by the emperor and could be removed only by him

Two overriding goals of Bismarcks diplomacy AFTER the unification of Germany (1871

1890)

Three Emperors League

alliance of the three eastern conservative empires (Austria-Hungary, Germany, Russia)

«Eastern Question»

(A)

Tory foreign policy towards the Ottoman Empire

the Ottoman Empire had to be preserved for it was a bulwark against Russian expansionism in the eastern Mediterranean and the Near East

Benjamin Disraeli (1874

1880)