Chemistry Unit 4: Solutions Intro + Precipitation Reactions + Acid Base & Redox Reactions

solute

dissolved

solvent

dissolving

aqueous

in water

strong electrolytes

ionic compounds, strong acids, strong bases

weak electrolytes

weak acids and bases

non electrolytes

covalent compounds

molarity (concentration)

moles/liters

dilution

solvent added to solution to decrease concentration (M₁V₁ = M₂V₂)

precipitate

solid that forms when solutions are mixed

molecular equation

nothing is broken apart

3NaOH + FeCl₃ —> 3NaCl + Fe(OH)₃

ionic equation

all ions in reaction (who break down)

3Na⁺+ 3OH^- + Fe⁺³ + Cl^- —> 3Na⁺ + 3Cl^- + Fe(OH)₃

net ionic equation

only ions participating in precipitation

Fe⁺³ + 3OH^- —> Fe(OH)₃

spectator ions

ions not shown in net ionic equation

acids contain

H⁺

bases

OH^-

neutralization

acid + base

strong acids

HCl, HNO₃, H₂SO₄, HClO₄

weak acids

any other acids

strong bases

contain OH^-: NaOH^- or KOH

weak bases

any other things

oxidation state

think of it as a charge

oxidation mnemonic

O: oxidation

I: is

L: losing elections

R: reduction

I: is

G: gaining electrons