Genitourinary and Reproductive Systems - Vocabulary Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering urinary tract anatomy, renal physiology, and the male/female reproductive system terms.

Urethra

Tube that carries urine from the bladder to the surface of the body.

Cystitis

Bladder inflammation.

Glomerulonephritis

Inflammation of the glomeruli in the kidneys.

Nephritis

Inflammation of the kidneys.

Perinephritis

Inflammation of the tissues surrounding the kidney.

Pyelitis

Inflammation of the renal pelvis.

Pyelonephritis

Inflammation of the renal pelvis and kidney, usually due to infection.

Ureteritis

Inflammation of the ureter.

Urethritis

Inflammation of the urethra.

Urethrocystitis

Inflammation of the urethra and bladder.

Bladder

Elastic musculomembranous sac for storing urine.

Bowman’s Capsule

Glomerular capsule of the kidney that surrounds the glomerulus and contains a cluster of capillaries.

Glomerulus

Cluster of capillaries within Bowman's capsule.

Kidneys

Paired abdominal organs that filter blood and produce urine.

Nephron

Functional and structural unit of the kidney, including renal corpuscle and renal tubule.

Renal Corpuscle

Glomerulus and Bowman's capsule.

Renal Cortex

Outer part of the kidney.

Renal Medulla

Inner part of the kidney composed of renal pyramids.

Renal Pelvis

Reservoir that collects urine.

Ureter

Tube that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder.

Albuminuria

Presence of albumin and other proteins in the urine.

Anuria

Lack of urine being excreted.

Azotemia

Presence of urea or other nitrogenous elements in the blood.

Cylindruria

Presence of cylindrical casts in urine.

Dysuria

Painful or difficult urination.

Hematuria

Presence of blood in the urine.

Hydronephrosis

Distension of the kidney caused by obstruction of urine flow.

Incontinence

Inability to control urination.

Isosthenuria

Fixed specific gravity of urine.

Nephrolith

Kidney stone.

Nephrolithiasis

Condition of having kidney stones.

Nephrosis

Any disease of the kidneys.

Oliguria

Scanty urine output.

Phosphaturia

Excess phosphate excreted in urine.

Pollakiuria

Abnormally frequent urination.

Embryo

Early developing stage of an organism.

Fetus

Developing offspring.

Neonate

Newborn.

Placenta

Vascular fetal organ within uterus that connects fetus to mother by way of the umbilical cord for exchange of nutrients, oxygen, antibodies, and waste products.

Umbilical Cord

Communication channel between placenta and fetus.

Umbilicus

Scar that marks the site of the connection of the umbilical cord in the fetus.

Endometritis

Inflammation of the endometrium.

Mastitis

Inflammation of the mammary gland.

Prostatitis

Inflammation of the prostate gland.

Pyometra

Collection of pus in the uterine cavity.

Vaginitis

Inflammation of the vagina.

Vulvitis

Inflammation of the vulva.

Cervix

Neck of the uterus.

Endocervix

Mucous membrane lining the cervical canal or opening of the cervix into the uterus.

Endometrium

Mucous membrane lining the uterus.

Estrous Cycle

The recurring set of physiological and behavioral changes that take place from one period of estrus to another.

Estrus

The periodic state of sexual excitement just before ovulation when the female is most receptive to mating.

Fallopian Tubes/Uterine Tubes/Oviducts

Pair of tubes extending from the uterus to the ovary on each side, which pick up and convey expelled ova to the uterus.

Mammary Glands

Milk-producing organs of mammals.

Ova/Ovum

Female reproductive cell (egg).

Ovary

Female gland that produces ova (eggs).

Proestrus

The period immediately before estrus, characterized by development of the endometrium and ovarian follicles.

Uterus

Thick-walled, hollow organ in the pelvic cavity of the female that houses and nourishes the embryo and fetus.