Elastic properties of a solid

Elasticity

The ability of a deformed material body to return to its original shape and size when the forces causing the deformation are removed

Elastic modulus

an index of the ease or difficulty found in producing a strain in an elastic material.

Elastic moduli

Ratio between the stress and strain of an elastic region

Young Modulus 

Distance an objects stretches/shrinks 

Bulk modulus

Change in volume due to the object being subject to pressure

Shearing

Change in shape due to twisting 

Poisson’s ratio

If Hooke’s law holds, then the fractional increase in length is proportional to the fractional decrease in width.