Genetics and Inheritance Final Quiz- Introduction to Veterinary Technology for Veterinary Technicians

The final quiz at the end of unit 3, Genetics and Inheritance, in the course Introduction to Veterinary Technology for Veterinary Technicians

The __________ strand of the opened DNA is easily replicated, but the __________ strand must be replicated in pieces because of its orientation

leading; lagging

DNA polymerase is the enzyme responsible for

forming new copies of DNA

A __________ is a three-letter code that specifies the amino acid to be added to the protein at a specific point

codon

When a mutation renders a gene or protein unable to function properly, this is called a genetic

disorder

Prokaryotes have a single DNA molecule that floats freely is the cytoplasm; cell division in the prokaryotes takes place through

binary fission

Groups of cells that together have a specific function are called

tissues

__________ is the enzyme responsible for breaking the hydrogen bonds between base pairs and separating the two strands of DNA

Helicase

The job of transfer RNA is to bring specific amino acids to be added to the peptide chain during protein synthesis, which takes place in the

ribosome

__________ occurs when cells in a multicellular organism use chemical or electrical means to communicate

Cell interaction

Female humans have two __________ chromosomes, while male humans have one Y chromosomes and one __________ chromosomes

X; X

The central Dogma states that cellular information is transmitted from __________ to mRNA to proteins.

DNA

The ribosome's primary function, in both prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells, is to

build proteins according to the cell's DNA instructions

What is a stem cell?

An unspecialized cell that can divide limitless and differentiate into specialized cells

__________ can reveal the location of centromeres and information about sister chromatids

Karyotypes

Which nitrogenous base isn't found in DNA

Uracil

The second step in gene expression is called __________; in this step, codons correspond to specific amino acids and proteins are synthesized

translation

A __________ is the physical expression of characteristics while a __________ is a genetic characteristic

phenotype; genotype

Each set of three nucleotides in the mRNA sequence is referred to as a

codon

Both alleles in a __________ organism are the same

homozygous

The first step in gene expression is __________; in this step, DNA is rewritten as a single strand of RNA

transcription