Science: Global Systems Test

What are Earth’s four Main Spheres? And what are they?

Biosphere (surface where all life exists)

Lithosphere (crust,rock sand,mountains, continent and minerals of the earth)

Hydrosphere (oceans, rivers, lakes, groundwater, polar ice caps, glaciers, water vapor, rain and snow)

Atmosphere (gases surrounding the earth, 78% nitrogen, 21%oxygen, 0.04% carbon dioxide and other gases in small amounts).

What is the Nitrogen Cycle?

The nitrogen cycle is vital for living things, and consists of processes that convert nitrogen in the atmosphere into forms usable by plants and animals.

What are the types of bacteria/process?

a repeating cycle of which nitrogen moves through both living and non-living things

Bacteria:

Nitrogen fixing

Nitrifying

denitrifying

What is the Carbon Cycle?

Carbon is found in all living things, it is a part of carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins and DNA. Carbon is also used in the photosynthesis process by plants.

nature's way of reusing carbon atoms, which travel from the atmosphere into organisms in the Earth and then back into the atmosphere over and over again

What is Photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize (make) nutrients from carbon dioxide and water.

What is the Photosynthesis Formula?

6CO₂ (carbon dioxide) + 6H₂O(water) → C₆H₁₂O₆ (sugar)+ 6O₂(oxygen)

What is the Respiration Formula?

C₆H₁₂O₆ (sugar) + 6O₂ (oxygen) → 6CO₂ (carbon dioxide) + 6H₂O (water) + energy

What is the Water Cycle?

the continuous movement of water within the Earth and atmosphere

What does the Water Cycle Do?

It circulates water through evaporation, condensation, transportation and precipitation.

What is Weather?

state of the atmosphere in terms of temperature, wind, cloud cover and rain at any given time.

What is Climate?Describe

long-term averages of weather conditions, described by data (Temp, rainfall and wind speeds) calculated over the years.

What is Climate Change?

Climate change refers to long-term shifts in temperatures and weather patterns

What is the Greenhouse Effect?drawww

a process that occurs when gases in Earth's atmosphere trap the Sun's heat

What is the Enhanced Greenhouse Effect?

When extra greenhouse gases in the atmosphere trap to much of the sun’s energy, causing a warming effect. caused by fossil fuels, land clearing and agriculture. Could lead to climate change and global warming

What is Global Warming

Global warming is the increase in average surface temperature of the earth, contributing to climate change.

What are Ocean Currents?

Continuous movements caused by wind

Ocean Currents Facts?

Flow for great distances

Global Conveyor Belt?

Composed of warm and cold water and matter that circulate around the world, they don’t mix. they distribute that heat around the world. This effects climates of continents on earth.

What is Coral Bleaching?How does it effect the earth?

when the water temp in the reefs are too warm/polluted causing the coral to become stressed and expel algae that is used for food and energy, the coral begins to bleach.

once these corals die, reefs rarely come back, deteriorating the wildlife (which we can’t afford because there are animals like sponges that naturally filter out toxins from the ocean)

What is the Gulf stream?

It is part of the global conveyor belt

denser water sinks pushing away water below creating a deep current

a strong ocean current that brings warm water from the Gulf of Mexico into the Atlantic Ocean

Water Cycle Diagram?

Process of the Nitrogen Cycle?

Nitrogen fixing bacteria in the soil, nitrification converts ammonia into nitrates, denitrification: converting nitrates back into nurturing gas

What are deep currents?

Where extremely cold water is found. The water gets saltier water as the salty water doesn’t freeze and it’s denser so it sinks to the bottom.

Surface Currents?

Caused by winds, water flows lefts right or down, they flow clockwise in the northern hemisphere and anticlockwise in the southern hemisphere.

What effects the world climate

Sun , surface and atmosphere