Soil Notes

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Environmental Science

9th

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54 Terms

1
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Soil is the _______ and _______ ______ that supports plant growth on the earth's surface.
mineral, organic matter
2
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Soil is a mixture of particles of ____, _______ _________, ______ _________, ___ and _____.
rock,organic materials, living organisms, air, water
3
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Why is soil important?
plant growth, habitat for microbes, renew water(acts as a filter),sites for structures, reservoirs (ponds, lakes), waste disposal
4
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Who depends on soil?
everyone
5
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Four major components of soil
mineral, water, air, organic matter
6
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Sand particle size
largest
7
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Sand dry time
quick
8
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How much water does sand hold?
not much
9
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Is sand fertile?
no (low fertility)
10
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Silt particle size
medium
11
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Silt fill space between ____.
sand
12
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Silt is often moved by _____.
water
13
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Silt fertility
fertile
14
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Clay particle size
smallest
15
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Clay fills space between
Sand & silt
16
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How much water does clay hold?
a lot
17
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Clay dry time
slow dry time
18
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Does clay hold nutrients
yes
19
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What soil texture is most soil?
Sand, silt, & clay
20
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What are the three soil textures?
sand, silt, & clay
21
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What is written on the 3 sides of the soil triangle going from the bottom to the right?
sand, silt, clay
22
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The soil triangle shows the __________ of the soil texture in soil.
proportion
23
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Soils are like
fingerprints
24
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no 2 soils are
alike
25
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each soil has its own unique set of
characteristics
26
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If you cut soil out of the ground you will see many of these
characteristics
27
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What is the chunk of soil cut out of the ground called
soil profile
28
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A soil profile the face of the soil when you cut it __________.
vertically
29
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Where can you find soil profiles?
ditch, hillside, etc.
30
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What can a soil profile indicate?
properties today and climate history
31
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What can you see clearly on a soil profile
layers
32
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What are soil layers called?
horizons
33
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A soil horizon is an identifiable soil layer that differs in ________ __________ and ________ ___________ from the _____ next to it.
physical properties, chemical composition, layer(horizon)
34
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Soil horizon differ in
color, particle shape, texture
35
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soil horizons can easily be seen where _____ have been cut into _________ or where _______ have cut through _______
roads, mountains, streams,valleys
36
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Soil horizon alphabetical code
O A B C R
37
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Is every horizon found in every soil?
No
38
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Where is the O layer located
top layer
39
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The O layer is made up of
organic materials
40
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Organic materials
decaying leaves, twigs, moss, insects & animals
41
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Where is there no O horizon and why
Deserts and agriculture fields (because of plowing)
42
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The A soil is the
topsoil
43
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The A horizon is made mostly of
minerals
44
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The A horizons is what color
dark rusty color
45
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The A horizon is the layer that is
tilled
46
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The B horizon is the _______.
subsoil
47
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The B horizon may be high in
clays and metals
48
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The B horizon is what color
a light color
49
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The B horizon is usually lower in _______ ______ than O or A
organic matter
50
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The C horizon consists of _____________ ______ ________
disintegrated parent material
51
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Because this layer is deeper it has less
organic material
52
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The R horizon is the ______ layer.
lowest
53
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The R horizon is made of
bedrock
54
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Bedrock is ____ to dig in
hard