Chapter 1: Matter and Energy — Fill-in-the-Blank Flashcards (Video Notes)

A set of fill-in-the-blank flashcards covering key concepts from Chapter 1 notes on matter, energy, and measurement.

An atom is the smallest particle of an __ that cannot be chemically or mechanically divided into smaller particles.

element

An __ is a pure substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances.

element

A __ is a pure substance composed of two or more elements that are chemically bonded in fixed proportion.

compound

The Law of Definite Proportions states that a compound always contains the same __ of its component elements.

proportion

Pure substances include elements and __.

compounds

Mixtures can be separated by a __ process.

physical

In a __ mixture, substances are distributed uniformly.

homogeneous

In a __ mixture, substances are not distributed uniformly and have distinct regions of different composition.

heterogeneous

The density of a substance is the ratio of the mass to its __.

volume

Intensive properties are independent of the amount; __ properties depend on the amount.

extensive

Chemical properties are those that can be observed only by reacting the substance with something else to form another __.

substance

Mixtures can be separated by distillation, filtration, and __.

chromatography

A solid has a definite __ and volume.

shape

A liquid occupies a definite volume but takes the shape of its __.

container

A gas has neither a definite __ nor a definite shape.

volume

Solid to liquid is called __.

melting

Liquid to gas is called __.

vaporization

Ionic compounds contain __ held together by attraction of opposite charges.

ions

Formulas are used by chemists to represent the __ of an element or compound.

components

Structural formulas show the __ between atoms.

bonds

The SI base unit for mass is the __.

kilogram

The SI base unit for length is the __.

meter

The SI base unit for temperature is the __.

kelvin

The SI base unit for amount of substance is the __.

mole

The SI base unit for electric current is the __.

ampere

The prefix 'kilo' means __.

1000

The prefix 'mega' (symbol M) stands for __.

one million

The prefix 'centi' means __.

0.01

1 inch equals __ cm.

2.54

1 L = __ mL.

1000

To convert Celsius to Kelvin, add __.

273.15

Three common temperature scales are Fahrenheit, Celsius, and __.

Kelvin

Uncertainty is always present in __ values.

measured

Counted values are __.

exact

Precision is based on the reproducibility of a measurement; accuracy refers to how close a measured value is to the __ value.

true

All nonzero numbers are __.

significant

Zeros at the __ of a value are never significant.

beginning

Zeros after a decimal point and after a nonzero number are always __.

significant

Zeros at the end of a value with no decimal point may or may not be __.

significant

Zeros between nonzero numbers are always __.

significant

Significant figures in calculations must be determined by the __, not the calculator.

experimenter

Conversion factors are ratios of __ quantities.

equivalent

Dimensional analysis cancels the initial units, leaving the __ units.

desired