The Role of Protons and Electrons in Atoms- Year 9

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14 Terms

1

Atoms

The building blocks of matter, made of protons, neutrons, and electrons.

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2

Protons

Positively charged particles in the nucleus. Determine the element and the atomic number.

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3

Neutrons

Neutral particles in the nucleus. Add mass but don't affect charge.

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4

Electrons

Negatively charged particles orbiting the nucleus. Balance the protons to make an atom neutral.

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5

Atomic Number

The atomic number of an element is the number of protons in the nucleus.

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6

Key Point

The number of protons uniquely defines an element. If you change the number of protons, you change the element. Each element has a unique atomic number.

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7

Neutral Atoms

When an atom has the same number of protons and electrons, it is electrically neutral.

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8

Charge Calculation

Protons have a +1 charge. Electrons have a -1 charge. If there are equal numbers of protons and electrons, the positive and negative charges cancel out, resulting in no overall charge.

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9

Example of Neutral Atom

A carbon atom has 6 protons and 6 electrons, making it neutral.

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10

Positively Charged Ion

If an atom loses electrons, it becomes positively charged (+ion).

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11

Negatively Charged Ion

If it gains electrons, it becomes negatively charged (-ion).

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12

Role of Electrons

Electrons: Negatively charged particles orbiting the nucleus.

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13

Equal Numbers in Neutral Atoms

In a neutral atom, the number of electrons equals the number of protons.

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14

Ion Formation

If the atom gains or loses electrons, it becomes charged (an ion).

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