Chinese History, Religions, and Philosophies: Dynasties, Daoism, Confucianism, and Cultural Routes

What are the four major dynasties in Chinese history?

Shang, Zhou, Qin, and Han

What is the significance of the Silk and spice routes in relation to China?

Silk traveled from China to the UK around 100 BC.

What does 'Dao' mean in Chinese religions?

Dao means 'way' and represents sacred power and ultimate reality manifested in nature.

What is the purpose of ancestor veneration in Chinese religions?

To honor ancestors through rituals like the Qing Ming Festival, where offerings are made.

What is divination in the context of Chinese religions?

A process to see the future, often using bones and turtle shells as tools.

What does the concept of 'Mandate of Heaven' signify?

It indicates that rulers are granted authority by heaven, which can be revoked if they do not govern justly.

Who is considered the ideal person in Confucianism?

The 'gentleman' or 'junzi'.

What is the role of education in Confucianism?

Education is central to self-cultivation and moral development.

What are the Five Classics in Confucian sacred texts?

I Ching, Book of Poetry, Book of Rites, Book of History, and Book of Songs.

What is the significance of the Analects in Confucianism?

They are written conversations of Confucius with his disciples, outlining his teachings.

What is the main philosophical concept of Daoism?

It begins as a philosophy focusing on understanding the Dao, or 'the way'.

Who is Laozi and what is his significance in Daoism?

Laozi, or 'Old Master', is a legendary figure credited with founding Daoism and authoring the Dao De Jing.

What does 'non-action' mean in Daoism?

It refers to action through non-action, allowing things to unfold naturally without interference.

What is the concept of yin and yang in Chinese religions?

Yin and yang represent complementary forces that balance each other in nature.

What does the term 'zhenren' refer to in Daoism?

It refers to the 'genuine person' who aligns their life with the Dao.

What is the 'Doctrine of the Mean' in Confucianism?

It emphasizes centeredness and balance in behavior and thought.

What is the role of filial piety in Confucianism?

It emphasizes respect and duty towards one's parents and ancestors.

How did Confucianism evolve during the Han dynasty?

It was institutionalized as a religion and integrated into the education system.

What is the significance of the 'cult of Confucianism'?

It includes the establishment of temples, priesthoods, and rituals to honor Confucius.

What is the relationship between Daoism and social conventions?

Daoism rejects social conventions, viewing them as artificial and not true expressions of the Dao.

What is the concept of 'relativity' in Daoism?

It suggests that all is change and the Dao is in constant motion.