HMAP 100 Quiz 3 Study

Which of the following is not a formed element of blood?

• White blood cells

• Red blood cells

• Platelets

• Plasma

Plasma

Which ESR value is not normal?

• 0

• 30

• 1

• 10

30

What is the purpose of the Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) test?

• To diagnose inflammation

• To diagnose anemia

• To diagnose polycythemia

• None of the available answers

To diagnose inflammation

What is the relationship between hemoglobin and hematocrit values?

• Hemoglobin is approximately five times the hematocrit value

• Hemoglobin is approximately one-third of the hematocrit value

• Hemoglobin is approximately twice the hematocrit value

• Hemoglobin and hematocrit values are unrelated

Hemoglobin is approximately one-third of the hematocrit value

What is the normal hemoglobin range for adult males?

• 13-17 g/dL

• 10-14 g/dL

• 12-16 g/dL

• 16-23 g/dL

13-17 g/dL

How long does it take for normal platelet function to return after discontinuing aspirin?

• Immediately

• Several hours

• Several weeks

• Several days

Several days

Which anticoagulant is the preferred choice for coagulation testing?

• Sodium Heparin

• Sodium Citrate

• Sodium Fluoride

• EDTA

Sodium Citrate

What is the blood to anticoagulant ratio used in coagulation test?

• 9:1 blood to anticoagulant

• 5:1 blood to anticoagulant

• 1:1 blood to anticoagulant

• 1:9 blood to anticoagulant

9:1 blood to anticoagulant

Identify the reason why a discard tube is used when collecting blood with a winged collection system.

• To reduce patient discomfort

• To prevent short draws caused by air space in the tubing

• To prevent hemolysis of the sample

• To ensure proper mixing of anticoagulant

To prevent short draws caused by air space in the tubing

Explain what the process of glycogenesis involves in glucose metabolism.

• Converting stored glycogen to glucose

• Making glucose from non-carbohydrate sources

• Converting excess glucose to glycogen for storage

• Breaking down glucose for immediate energy

Converting excess glucose to glycogen for storage

Describe what HbA1c represents in terms of glucose monitoring.

• The average blood glucose levels over 2-3 months

• The glucose level immediately after eating

• The maximum glucose level reached in a day

• The glucose level at a specific moment in time

The average blood glucose levels over 2-3 months

Which 2-hour postprandial glucose value would be considered a criterion for diabetes diagnosis?

• 180 mg/dL

• 160 mg/dL

• 140 mg/dL

• 200 mg/dL or greater

200 mg/dL or greater

Which term describes test results that are extremely high or low and require immediate action by laboratory staff?

• Normal ranges

• Critical values

• Baseline measurements

• Standard protocols

Critical values

According to 2010 ADA recommendations, which fasting plasma glucose range indicates a prediabetic condition?

• 200 mg/dL and above

• Less than 100 mg/dL

• 100-125 mg/dL

• None of the answers

100-125 mg/dL

Which glucose level is considered a critical values for hypoglycemia?

• 110 mg/dL

• 200 mg/dL

• 80 mg/dL

• 40 mg/dL

40 mg/dL

Explain why HDL cholesterol is referred to as “good cholesterol.”

• It transports cholesterol from tissues to the liver to be broken down

• It prevents the formation of blood clots in arteries

• It directly removes plaque deposits from blood vessel walls

• It increases the production of beneficial hormones

It transports cholesterol from tissues to the liver to be broken down

Which condition results from elevated blood cholesterol levels accumulating on blood vessel walls?

• Diabetes

• Hypertension

• Atherosclerosis

• Anemia

Atherosclerosis

Which triglyceride reference value range is considered borderline high?

• Less than 150 mg/dL

• 150 to 199 mg/dL

• 200 to 499 mg/dL

• 500 mg/dL and above

150 to 199 mg/dL

Explain what happens to bacteria that are gram positive during the gram stain procedure.

• Crystal violet and appear blue-purple

• They become transparent and colorless

• They lose the crystal violet and appear pink-red

• They turn yellowish after safranin application

Crystal violet and appear blue-purple

Identify what MIC stands for in antibiotic susceptibility testing.

• Moderate inhibitory concentration

• Minimum inhibitory concentration

• Multiple inhibitory concentration

• Maximum inhibitory concentration

MInimum inhibitory concentration

Identify what should be done with liquid specimens like sputum during transport.

• Place them in a biohazard transport pocket for paperwork

• Transport them without any special packaging

• Freeze them before transport

• Place them in regular plastic bags

Place them in a biohazard transport pocket for paperwork

What are the three key properties of specific immunity?

• Phagocytosis, inflammation, and antibody production

• Antigen presentation, lymphocyte activation, and cytokine release

• Innate resistance, humoral immunity, and cell mediated immunity

• Recognition, specificity, and memory

Recognition, specificity, and memory

What is the purpose of vaccines?

• To provide lifelong immunity against all contagious diseases

• To stimulate humoral immunity by exposing the body to specific antigens

• To directly kill pathogens and prevent infection

• To strengthen the innate immune system’s physical barriers

To stimulate humoral immunity by exposing the body to specific antigens

Explain why immunity to influenza viruses is usually short-lived compared to other diseases.

• Influenza viruses are too small to create strong immunity

• The immune system cannot recognize influenza viruses

• Influenza vaccines are less effective than other vaccines

• Influenza viruses have the ability to rapidly change their viral antigens

Influenza viruses have the ability to rapidly change their viral antigens

Which virus causes infectious mononucleosis?

• Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)

• Herpes simplex virus

• Cytomegalovirus

• Human immunodeficiency virus

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)

Explain why infectious mononucleosis is commonly called the “kissing disease.”

• It primarily affects romantic couples

• Transmission through close contact with saliva from infected individuals

• The virus is only found in saliva during romantic encounters

• It causes swollen lips and mouth sores

Transmission through close contact with saliva from infected individuals

Explain what lymphocytosis means in the context of infectious mononucleosis diagnosis.

• A decrease in white blood cell count

• An increase in lymphocytes with 10% to more than 20% being atypical

• The complete absence of lymphocytes

• Normal lymphocyte levels with no morphological changes

An increase in lymphocytes with 10% to more than 20% being atypical

Is the blood good for blood bank testing if it was collected on Monday and tested on Thursday?

• Yes

• No

Yes

Explain what is a blood bank band.

• A heavy metal laboratory rock band

• A valid patient identification

• A band used for blood transfusion

• None of the available answers

A band used for blood tranfusion