AD - Sudden Death

What is the main bacteria that causes Sudden Death

Clostridium

What pathogen causes Sudden Death

anaerobic bacteria that form spores

What is Clostridium’s natural habitat

intestinal tract and soil

Clostridium - ? spores are found in healthy muscles of many animals

dormant

Clostridium produces ? that cause internal damage to animal

toxins

Are Clostridium diseases contagious

no

Are there good vaccines available for Clostridium diseases?

yes

How do you manage carcasses of animals that were infected with Clostridium diseases

burn, deeply bury

What 3 Clostridium diseases enter through wounds

Blackleg, Malignant Edema, Tetanus

Natural habitat of Blackleg bacteria

intestinal tract and soil

Blackleg infects what 3 animals

cattle, sheep, goats

Blackleg infection usually comes from within ?

the body

Which animal when becomes infected with Blackleg with no history of wounds

cattle

Which animal when becomes infected with Blackleg with wound infection

sheep

Blackleg tends to affect what area of the body

large muscle groups

Mortality rate/% of Blackleg

100

What kind of cattle are more commonly infected w/ Blackleg

beef

Blackleg infections are typical what times of year

summer and fall

4 symptoms of Blackleg

acute death, sudden severe lameness, swelling of large muscle group, crepitation 

Death from Blackleg occurs in

12-48 hrs

does Blackleg have a vaccine

yes

how to treat Blackleg

penicillin

Malignant Edema natural habitat

intestinal tract and soil

Malignant Edema occurs in what ages and animals

all ages, all species

Horses and Pigs can get ? but not ?

Malignant Edema, Blackleg

Malignant Edema infection comes from what 2 things

infection of wound, activation of dormant spores in muscle

Malignant Edema has a high/low mortality rate if not treat early

high

4 symptoms of Malignant Edema

fever, anorexia, swelling of infected area, toxemia

Malignant Edema signs occur how long after injury

6-48hrs

Death from Malignant Edema occurs in how long

24-48hrs

Does Malignant Edema have a vaccine

yes

2 way to treat Malignant Edema

antibiotics early, surgical incision of skin and muscle to allow drainage

Black Disease occurs in what animal

sheep

Red Water disease occurs in what animal

cattle

What are Black/Red Water bacteria found

soil, intestine, liver, skin surface

Black/Red Water is most common in what animal

sheep

Black/Red Water is rare in what 2 animals

pigs and horses

Black/Red Water bacteria multiplies in areas of ? damage 

Liver

Liver damage from Black/Red Water disease is caused from

migrating liver flukes

One main symptom of Black/Red Water disease in cattle concerning their urine

hemoglobinuria

Black/Red Water has a high/low mortality rate

high

Black disease is often found in what age and condition of animals

healthy adult

Black disease is typical what times of year and why

summer and fall, peak liver fluke seasons

1 Black disease symptom

acute death

Does Black Disease have a vaccine?

yes

one way to prevent Black Disease other than vaccine

reduce liver fluke infection by reducing snails

Overeating Disease aka

enterotoxemia

Overeating Disease bacteria natural habitat

intestine

Overeating Disease infects what animal

sheep

what 2 kind/ages of sheep are commonly infected with Overeating disease

young lambs, feedlot lambs

Predisposing factor of Overeating Disease

excessive amounts of milk or grain

3 symptoms of Overeating Disease

sudden death, incoordination, seizures

Does Overeating Disease have a vaccine

yes

Tetanus natural habitat

spores in soil

Tetanus infects what ages and species

all

What 2 species are more sensitive to Tetanus

lambs and horses

What 2 animals tend to be more resistant to Tetanus

dogs and cats

How does Tetanus infection occur

from contamination of wounds

Tetanus has a high/low mortality rate

high

4 symptoms of Tetanus

muscle spasms, progressive stiffness, moving more difficult, falling when startled

Signs of Tetanus develop how long after injury

10-14 days

What causes muscle spasms/contractions from Tetanus

toxins

80% die within how long after infection of Tetanus

3-10 days

Does Tetanus have a vaccine?

yes

Anthrax is caused by what bacteria

Bacillus anthracis

Anthrax natural habitat

spores in soil

Anthrax is most common in ? animals but can affect all mammals

grazing

What 2 animals are most susceptible to Anthrax

cattle and sheep

what animal is relatively resistant to Anthrax

pigs

Anthrax infection usually comes from what 2 ways

grazing and ingesting spores, vectors

Anthrax has a high/low mortality rate

high

Anthrax bacteria produce a lethal

toxin

5 symptoms of Anthrax

acute death, fever, resp and cardiac disease, convulsions, blood discharge from body openings

Anthrax treatment if caught early

antibiotics

does Anthrax have a vaccine

yes

How to handle carcasses with Anthrax

burn or bury