Yi AP HUG Unit 6 Cities and Urban Land Use Patterns Vocab Quiz #1

air and water quality

The scale of unusable to useable water and air in an area of a city.

Bid rent theory

A theory that refers to how the price and demand on real estate changes as the distance towards the CBD increases. The closer land is to the CBD, the more expensive the land.

counterurbanization

the process of people moving away from urban areas to smaller settlements and rural areas

ecological footprint

The impact of a person or community on the environment, expressed as the amount of land required to sustain their use of natural resources.

Farmland protection policies

Policies enacted by governments that protect farmland and prevent it from being sold into other use.

Infilling

The construction of new buildings in empty parcels or abandoned land lots within urban areas.

Infrastructure

The underlying framework of services and amenities needed to facilitate productive activity.

linear settlement patterns

Linear rural settlements comprise buildings clustered along a road, river, or dike to facilitate communication.

long lot survery

distinct regional approach to land surveying found in the canadian maritime parts of quebec louisiana and texas and whereby land is divided into narrow parcels stretching back from rivers roads or canals

low-density housing

there is a smaller density of dwellings per unit area of property. ex. acre You will find less congestion and more privacy

Medium Density Housing

this could be a subdivision or urban neighborhood

high-density housing

The highest density of residents per unit area of land. An example would be condos and apartments.

metes and bounds system

A system of land surveying east of the Appalachian Mountains. It is a system that relies on descriptions of land ownership and natural features such as streams or trees. Because of the imprecise nature of this surveying system, the U.S. Land Office Survey abandoned the technique in favor of another.

Reurbanization

The movement of people back into an area that has been previously abandoned. It is usually a government's initiative to counter the problem of inner cities.

satellite city

An established town near a very large city and grow into a city independent of the larger one.

suburbization

Movement of upper and middle class people from urban core areas to the surrounding outskirts to escape pollution as well as the deteriorating social conditions.

Sustainable Design Initiatives

communities use smart growth and green building to create neighborhoods that are economically thriving and environmentally responsible.

township and range system

A rectangular land division scheme designed by Thomas Jefferson to disperse settlers evenly across farmlands of the U.S. interior.

Borchert's transportation model

The model focuses on the development of cities in relation to the development of transportation and communication. According to the model a city's urban layout owes a great deal to what forms of transportation and communication were available when the city was settled.

city

An urban settlement that has been legally incorporated into an independent, self-governing unit.

city-state

A sovereign state comprising a city and its immediate hinterland.

Central Place Theory

A theory that explains the distribution of services based on the fact that settlements serve as centers of market areas for services.

Clustered rural settlement

A rural settlement in which the houses and farm buildings of each family are situated close to each other, and fields surround the settlement.

Dispersed rural settlement

A rural settlement pattern characterized by isolated consumers in the community.

Ecumene

The portion of Earth's surface occupied by permanent human settlement.

Enclosure Movement

The process of consolidating small landholdings into a smaller number of larger farms in England during the eighteenth century.

Gravity Model

A model that holds that the potential use of a service at a particular location is directly related to the number of people in a location and inversely related to the distance people must travel to reach the service.

High order services

Services with a large threshold population such as a department store. They are usually offered in small numbers and only found in the large settlements.

lower-order services

Industries that sell their products primarily to consumers in the community.

market area (hinterland)

The area surrounding a central place, from which people are attracted to use the place's goods and services.

primate city

The largest settlement in a country, if it has more than twice as many people as the second-ranking settlement.

range

The maximum distance people are willing to travel to use a service.

rank-size rule

A pattern of settlements in a country such that the nth largest settlement is 1/n the population of the largest settlement.

site

physical characteristics of a place

situation

The location of a place relative to another place

settlement

A permanent collection of buildings and inhabitants.

service

Any activity that fulfills a human want or need and returns money to those who provide it.

threshold

The minimum number of people needed to support the service

urban hearth

An area, like Mesopotamia or the Nile River Valley where large cities first existed.

urbanization

An increase in the percentage of the number of people living in urban settlements.

urban hierarchy

A ranking of settlements according to their size and economic functions.

central business district

Typically, the oldest part of a city and contains a high concentration of businesses and offices.