Exam 3: Chapter 7, 8, 13 Psychopathology - Treatments for the disorders

Treatment for Somatic Disorders

Hypersensitivity to physical sensations

Rarely seek psychological treatment

Not many effective treatments

Biological

SSRIs to reduce anxiety and depression

Psychodynamic

Hysteria

CBT

Reinforced (i.e. attention) Cognitive restructuring

Sociocultural

Psychological Treatments for Physical Disorders

____ ____ are made worse due to psychological factors

Behavioral medicine

Psychoneuroimmunology

Health Psychology

Regulation of Stress

Coping Mental and behavioral efforts used to manage stress

Problem-focused vs. emotion-focused coping

Perceived control

Learned helplessness

Attributions about life events → internal v. external; stable v. unstable; global vs. specific

Social support

Discrimination

Health Psychology and Treatment

Become more common in primary doctor offices and hospitals

Biological Immunosuppression → cortisol

CBT

Used as an adjunct to help with different medical conditions

Biofeedback

Assessment of Sleep

Lab sleep study

Sleep is monitored during the night and numerous measurements are taken

At home sleep study

Apps on smartphones

Treatment for Sleep

Sleep hygiene techniques

Condition of the room

Association of bed with the mind

Caffeine and blue light before bed

Exercise

Consistent routine

Models and Treatments of Gender Dysphoria

Biological

Brains are more similar to the brains of others with their gender identity than their assigned gender

Gender-affirming hormones and medical therapies/surgeries

Psychologists help clients with realistic expectations

Psychological

Increased awareness and APA practice guidelines

Models and Treatment of Sexual Dysfunctions

Masters and Johnson

Human Sexual Inadequacy

Anxiety, anger, depression, OCD can all impact sex drive

Fear of unwanted pregnancies or STIs

Remember for many … it starts with what’s happening in the head - where the brain is :)

Models and Treatment of Sexual Dysfunctions

Biological

Hormone treatments

Side effects of certain medications like antidepressants or alcohol

UTI or STIs

Some medications may help with the pain disorders

CBT

Pelvic floor PT

Psychoeducation on psychological aspects and sexual positions to help with pain

Thinking patterns and negative thoughts associated with sex

Addressing sexual inhibition

Models and Treatment of Sexual Dysfunctions

Sociocultural treatments

Sexual attitudes are influenced by culture and religion

Multiperspective

Difficult to treat

Often need an eclectic approach

Affective awareness

Communication skills

Address any medical conditions

Models and Treatment of Paraphilic Disorders

Difficult to develop treatment models

Many do not seek help

Biological

Reduce sex drive → castration, medications

CBT

Replacing inappropriate fantasies with more socially acceptable ones

Sociocultural

Social skills training and role-playing

Engaging in criminal behavior → not a psychological disorder

Multiperspective

Combination of therapy and medications

Models and Treatments of Psychotic Disorders - Biological

Genetic vulnerability

Neurodevelopment in utero

Brain structure

Neurochemical pathways

Dopamine hypothesis

Typical antipsychotic medications

Tardive dyskinesia

Atypical antipsychotic medications

Models of Treatment of Psychotic Disorders

Cognitive-Behavioral (CBT)

Focus on improving functioning and reducing stress from the symptoms

Behavior activation to help with negative symptoms

Hallucination reinterpretation and acceptance

Reinterpret → “This is a hallucination.”

Sociocultural

Again varies by culture

Failure to recognize the positives from hallucinations

Poverty and stress

Family dynamics → family therapy

Social skills training, ADLs, getting assistance, self-help groups

Multiperspective model

Assertive community therapy