Nursing Research 2

Research Process

refers to the series of steps which make up research from the development of an idea to the completed research paper

a researcher identifies his/her expertise, competency, & interest

the problem should also be researchable.

1. there is no known solution to the problem;

2. the solution can be answered by employing statistical methods and techniques;

3. there are probable solutions but they are not yet tested and

4. the occurrence of the phenomena requires scientific investigation to arrive at precise solution.

A problem is researchable if:

1. Conceptual Stage

2. Designing and Planning Stage

3. Empirical Stage

4. Oral Defense Stage

5. Dissemination Stage

The Research Process

1. Conceptual Stage

• formulation and delimiting of research problems formulation of research title

• identification of main and specific problems and hypotheses

• providing related lit & theoretical background

2. Designing and Planning Stage

• designing & constructing the research methodology

• determination of the following:

• design environment respondents

• instruments/tool data collection

• statistical methods/statistical tools

3. Empirical Stage

revision of the proposed study

• submission for ethical review

• •collection of data

• collation and tabulation of obtained data

• data processing & analysis

• data interpretation & discussion

• discuss Implications

• draw conclusions and offer rècommendations.

4. Oral Defense Stage

• editing of the manuscript

• dry run before oral presentation

• research paper presentation / oral defense

• revision of the research report

5. Dissemination Stage

communication and utilization of research findings through forums and publications

Introduction

• this section in a research paper provides ideas & background that caused the researcher to undergo the study

• may present the research gaps to provide the basis for the study

Knowledge Gap or Theoretical Gap

Methodological Gap

Population or Contextual Gap

Temporal Gap

Contradictory Findings (Inconsistency Gap)

Innovation or Novelty Gap

6 types of research gaps

Knowledge Gap or Theoretical Gap

When something is not yet known. or there is insufficient understanding of a phenomenon

"Although many studies have explored patient compliance, little is known about how digital health apps influence long-term adherence among elderly patients“

Methodological Gap

When previous studies used inadequate, outdated, or inappropriate methods, or when a different or improved method could yield better results.

"Most existing studies used quantitative methods, but the lived experiences of caregivers have not been explored through qualitative inquiry."

Population of Contextual Gap

When a certain group, population, or setting has not been studied, even though findings may differ based on demographics or context.

"While burnout among urban nurses has been widely studied, there is limited research on rural healthcare workers in low-resource settings."

Temporal Gap

When existing research is outdated, and there is a need for current data to reflect recent changes (e.g., technology, policy, or pandemics).

"Past studies on work-from-home arrangements were conducted before the COVID-19 pandemic, which significantly altered remote work dynamics.'

Contradictory Findings (Inconsistency Gap)

When existing studies show conflicting results, requiring further investigation to clarify or reconcile discrepancies.

"While some studies suggest a strong correlation between social media use and depression, others found no significant association.'

Innovation or Novelty Gap

When there is an opportunity to apply a new theory, framework, or innovation that hasn't been used before.

"No study has yet applied the Self-Determination Theory in exploring student motivation in hybrid nursing education.