Case Law

Miranda vs Arizona

Read rights when in custody and interrogation.

Arizona vs Gant

Need to Demonstrate actual and continuing threat to justify warrantless search incident to arrest.

Navarette vs California

Don't have to assume person is innocent to build reasonable suspicion. (Think ATLs)

Carroll vs US

Court has no need to get a warrant on a mobile vehicle when belief of contraband or evidence of a crime.

Mapp vs Ohio

Illegally obtained evidence can't be used in court.

Arizona vs Johnson

Can pat down search passengers if you reasonably suspect they are armed and dangerous.

Chimel vs California

Search warrant is only for the location and items on the warrant. i.e you cant just search anywhere in the house.

Terry vs Ohio

Can frisk (outer level pat down) for weapons if you have reasonable suspicion they are armed and dangerous.

Kahler vs Kansas

States are NOT required to allow an insanity defense.

McCulloch vs Maryland

Congress has implied powers that are not necessarily enumerated in the Constitution.

Pennsylvania vs Mimms

If you have reasonable suspicion that that someone is in car with a weapon, you can remove the people from the vehicle.

Tennesee vs Garner

Officers can only use deadly force if suspect poses a threat of death or serious injury to the officer or someone else.

Brendlin vs California

Passengers have same rightsas driver. Evidence of a passenger wrongly pulled over will be thrown out.

Chicago vs Morales

Laws can be too vague to understand

Grant vs Connor

Sets the criteria for reasonable force.