Biology- Communicable diseases

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Define communicable disease

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Biology

11th

40 Terms

1

Define communicable disease

A disease that can be spread by pathogens

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2

What are the 4 types of pathogen?

Fungi, bacteria, viruses, protists

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3

After a pathogen infects a host what happens?

The pathogens reproduce (replicate if virus)

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4

What is the second stage after infection?

The pathogens spread from their host

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5

What is the final stage of infection?

The pathogens infect a new host and repeat

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6

What method of spread is sneezing?

Airborne/ droplet infection

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7

How is chlamydia spread?

Sexual (direct) contact

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8

What bacterium can be spread via dirty water?

Cholera

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9

What causes food poisoning?

Undercooked or reheated food

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10

What is a vector?

An animal that transmits a disease without being infected itself

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11

How can we avoid droplet infection?

Cover nose/ mouth when sneezing or coughing

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12

What is a vaccine?

A medicine containing an inactive form of a pathogen

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13

What does a vaccine trigger?

A low level immune response so that a second infection can be dealt with effectively

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14

How can we avoid the spread of STDs?

Condoms and other barrier methods

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15

How can we avoid food contamination?

Cleaning and disinfecting surfaces with antiseptics

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16

Why are viruses not considered living?

They do not fulfil all 7 life processes

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17

How do viruses replicate and spread?

They infect individual (host) cells, replicate, cause the cell to burst so the virus spreads

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18

Name an example of a plant virus

Tobacco mosaic virus

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19

What are the symptoms of TMV

Leaf mottling, stunted growth, yellow spots/streaks on leaves

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20

What disease can the HIV virus lead to?

AIDS

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21

How does pathogenic bacteria make us ill?

They produce toxins/poisons that damage tissues

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22

What cell type are bacteria?

Prokaryotes as they have no nucleus

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23

How was gonorhea treated in the past vs now?

With penicillin, but we are now resistant so antibiotics used

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24

What causes food poisoning (salmonella)?

-Unhygienic conditions

-Undercooked/reheated food

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25

How is salmonella prevented?

All UK poultry are vaccinated against salmonella

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26

What cell type are fungi?

Eukaryotic as they have a nucleus

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27

What is their cell wall made of instead of cellulose?

Chitin (polymer made from sugars

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28

Give examples of single and multi-celled fungi

Single- yeast

Multi- mushrooms

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29

What is an example of a fungal disease that effects plants?

Rose black spot

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30

What are the signs of rose black spot?

Leaf turns yellow, purple mottling

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31

What cell type are protists?

Eukaryotic as they have a nucleus

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32

How are protists different to animal, plants and fungi?

They don’t have tissues, organs or organ systems

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33

What is the most common protist caused disease

Malaria

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34

How are mosquitoes vectors?

They spread malaria without being infected themselves

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35

How is malaria spread reduced?

-By preventing mosquito breeding

-Bug spray

-Mosquito nets

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36

What is plasmodium?

The protist causing malaria

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37

Where in the body does plasmodium reproduce? Is it sexual or asexual?

Asexually in the liver

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38

What are these daughter parasites called?

Merozoites

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39

What happens when protists feed on haemoglobin in the blood?

More merozoites are produced which burst out of blood cells

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40

How do merozoites make us ill?

Merozoites release toxins which make us ill

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