laboratory apparatus

Test Tube

A small glass tube used to hold small amounts of substances for heating or experiments.

Boiling tube

A larger glass tube used for heating larger volumes of substances than a test tube.

Beaker

A wild glass container used for mixing, stirring, and heating liquids, not for accurate measuring.

Graduated Beaker

A beaker with markings to estimate liquid volume. Less accurate than a measuring cylinder.

Measuring Cylinder

A tall, narrow container with accurate markings to measure liquid volumes precisely.

Burette

A long tube with a tap at the bottom, used to release liquids slowly and precisely (e.g., titration).

Bunsen Burner

A small gas burner used for heating substances in the lab. Flame is adjustable.

Microscope

A device used to magnify and view small objects like cells or microorganisms.

Funnel

Helps pour liquids or powders into containers with small openings, preventing spills.

Conical flask

A glass container with a wide base and narrow neck, used for mixing, heating, or storing liquids.

Syringe

Used to accurately draw and transfer liquids, often measured in milliliters (mL).

Dropper pipette

Transfers small volumes of liquid drop by drop.

Glass rod

Used to stir solutions or help pour liquids smoothly along its surface.

Thermometer

Measures temperature, usually in °C or °F.

Tripod and gauze

Tripod stands support beakers or flasks; gauze (wire mesh) spreads heat evenly.

Lamp / candle

Provides gentle heat for experiments.

Bunsen burner

Produces a hot, adjustable flame for heating chemicals and sterilizing equipment.

Retort stand, clamp and boss

A stand with clamps and bosses used to hold glassware or thermometers securely in place during experiments.

Mortar and pestle

Crushes and grinds solids into powders for easier mixing or dissolving.

Spatula

Transfers solid chemicals in small amounts, especially powders and crystals.

Meter rule

Measures length or height, typically in centimeters (cm) and millimeters (mm).

Timer

Measures time intervals during experiments.

Forcemeter

Measures force, usually in newtons (N).

Top pan balance

Accurately measures mass of solids or liquids, typically in grams (g).

Petri dish

Shallow dish used to grow cultures of microorganisms or hold small specimens.

Mounted needle

Used to handle small samples on a slide or arrange specimens precisely.