Chapter 11: Cranium, Facial Bones, & Sinuses Test

Where does the CR exit for a modified parietoacanthial (modified Waters) projection of the facial bones?

a. Nasion

b. Glabella

c. Acanthion

d. Midorbits

c. Acanthion

The submentovertical projection, SMV, requires that the infraorbital meatal line (IOML) is placed _____ to the image receptor.

a. Perpendicular

b. Parallel

b. Parallel

Where is the CR centered for a lateral projection of the facial bones?

a. Outer canthus

b. Acanthion

c. Midway between the glabella and the EAM

d. Zygoma, midway between the EAM and the outer canthus

d. Zygoma, midway between the EAM and the outer canthus

A fracture involving the facial bones where a blow to one side causes a fracture to the opposite side is termed a _____ fracture.

a. Tripod

b. Blow-out

c. Le Fort

d. Contrcoup

d. Contrcoup

The widest portion of the cranium is found at the level of the:

a. Parietal tubercles

b. Right and left pterion

c. Squamous portion of the temporal bone

d. External acoustic meatus (EAM)

a. Parietal tubercles

There are a total of _____ fontanels in an infant.

a. Four

b. Two

c. Six

d. Eight

c. Six

How many bones make up the facial bone region?

a. 6

b. 8

c. 12

d. 14

d. 14

What is the name of the joint found between the lateral condylar processes of the skull and the atlas of C1?

a. Zygapophyseal joint

b. Intervertebral joint

c. Atlanto-occipital joint

d. Cervico-occipital joint

c. Atlanto-occipital joint

The frontal bone articulates with _____ cranial bones

a. Four

b. Six

c. Two

d. Five

a. Four

Which of the following landmarks corresponds with the level of the petrous ridge?

a. EAM

b. Top of ear attachment (TEA)

c. Squamosal suture

d. Inion

b. Top of ear attachment (TEA)

The pituitary gland (hypophysis cerebri) is associated with and protected by the _____ bone.

a. Temporal

b. Ethmoid

c. Palatine

d. Sphenoid

d. Sphenoid

Which cranial bone contains the foramen ovale?

a. Sphenoid

b. Occipital

c. Ethmoid

d. Temporal

a. Sphenoid

A radiograph of a lateral projection of the cranium reveals that the orbital roofs (plates) are not superimposed-one is slightly superior to the other. Which of the following positioning errors led to this radiographic outcome?

a. Rotation

b. Tilt

c. Excessive flexion

d. Excessive extension

b. Tilt

Which cranial bone contains the cribiform plate?

a. Sphenoid

b. Occipital

c. Temporal

d. Ethmoid

d. Ethmoid

Which of the following projections will best demonstrate the entire mandible with one exposure?

a. AP axial

b. Submentovertical

c. Axiolateral oblique

d. Tomography

b. Submentovertical

Where should the optic foramen be located with a well-positioned parieto-orbital oblique (Rhese method) projection of the optic foramina?

a. Inner, lower quadrant of orbit

b. Center of orbit

c. Lower, outer quadrant of orbit

d. Inner, upper quadrant of orbit

c. Lower, outer quadrant of orbit

Which positioning line must be used with a 30-degree caudad angle for an AP axial projection of zygomatic arches (Towne)?

a. IOML

b. AML

c. OML

d. GAL

a. IOML

What primary type of joint movement occurs with the temporomandibular joint?

a. Synarthrodial

b. Gomphosis

c. Spheroidal

d. Bicondylar

d. Bicondylar

Lesions of increased density or brightness are termed _____ lesions.

a. Osteolytic

b. Osteoblastic

b. Osteoblastic

What is the largest immovable bone of the face?

a. Vomer

b. Mandible

c. Maxilla

d. Zygomatic

c. Maxilla

Which term describes the small flap of cartilage covering the opening to the ear?

a. Tragus

b. Pinna

c. Acanthion

d. EAM

a. Tragus

The term antrum of Highmore is an older term for the:

a. Frontal sinuses

b. Ethmoid sinuses

c. Maxillary sinuses

d. Nasal cavity

c. Maxillary sinuses

Which sinus often produces an air/fluid level indication a basilar skull fracture?

a. Ethmoid

b. Maxillary

c. Sphenoid

d. Frontal

c. Sphenoid

What is the angle between the OML and the plane of the IR for the parietoacanthial (Waters) projection?

a. 40 degrees

b. 37 degrees

c. 42 degrees

d. 15-20 degrees

b. 37 degrees

Which of the following terms describes the anterior fontanel found in the adult skull?

a. Bregma

b. Pterion

c. Asterion

d. Lambda

a. Bregma

The upper and lower teeth are embedded in the:

a. Symphysis menti

b. Condyloid processes

c. Palatine processes

d. Alveolar processes

d. Alveolar processes

A patient comes to radiology for a routine study of the cranium. He is unable to flex his head and neck sufficiently to place the OML perpendicular to the IR for the AP axial projection. What should the technologist do to compensate for this problem without creating excessive magnification of the occipital bone?

a. Place the IOML perpendicular to IR and increase the CR angulation by 7 degrees

b. Perform the Haas method

c. Perform a submentovertex projection in place of the AP axial projection

d. Use the AML and increase the CR angulation by 10 degrees

a. Place the IOML perpendicular to IR and increase the CR angulation by 7 degrees

The _____ passageway drains the maxillary sinus through the middle nasal meatus into the inferior nasal meatus.

a. Ethmoid bulla

b. Infundibulum

c. Uncinated process

d. Inferior nasal concha

b. Infundibulum

Which one of the following positioning errors most often results in a repeat exposure of a cranial position?

a. Incorrect rotation and tilt

b. Incorrect central ray placement

c. Slight flexion

d. Slight extension

a. Incorrect rotation and tilt

A radiograph of a posteroanterior (PA) axial projection (Caldwell method) of the cranium reveals that the petrous ridges are located at the level of the lower one-third of the orbits. The technologist performed this projection with the CR angled 15 degree caudad to the orbitomeatal line (OML). How must positioning be altered if a repeat exposure is performed?

a. Increase the extension of the skull

b. Increase the flexion of the skull

c. Increase the CR angulation

d. None of the options; positioning was correct

d. None of the options; positioning was correct

A radiograph of a submentovertex projection of the cranium reveals that the mandibular mentum are projected into the ethmoid sinuses. What must be altered during the repeat exposure to produce a more diagnostic radiograph?

a. Increase the extension of the skull

b. Increase the flexion of the skull

c. Decrease the CR angulation

d. None of the options; it is an acceptable image

a. Increase the extension of the skull

A radiograph of a parietoacanthial (Waters method) projection reveals that the petrous ridges are superimposed over the lower 30% of the maxillary sinuses what specific positioning error (if any) led to this radiographic finding?

a. Insufficient extension of skull and neck

b. Excessive extension of skull and neck

c. Excessive CR angulation

d. No error exists; accept the initial radiograph

a. Insufficient extension of skull and neck

Which positioning line should be perpendicular to the plane of the IR for the AP axial (Towne) projection with a 37-degree caudad CR angle?

a. OML

b. IOML

c. AML

d. LML

b. IOML

Where is the CR centered for a lateral projection of the sinuses?

a. Upside EAM (side away from IR)

b. At the level of the nasion

c. Midway between the acanthion and the EAM

d. Midway between the outer canthus and the EAM

d. Midway between the outer canthus and the EAM

Which one of the following cranial projections will best demonstrate a possible basilar fracture?

a. PA axial (Caldwell method)

b. Lateral recumbent

c. Horizontal beam lateral

d. AP axial (Towne method)

c. Horizontal beam lateral

Which of the following structures of the inner ear is responsible for hearing?

a. Vestibule

b. Semicircular canals

c. Cochlea

d. Round window

c. Cochlea

Which cranial bone possesses the sella turcica?

a. Temporal

b. Sphenoid

c. Ethmoid

d. Occipital

b. Sphenoid

Which facial bone forms the majority of the hard palate?

a. Mandible

b. Palatine

c. Maxilla

d. Zygomatic

c. Maxilla

A radiograph of a lateral cranium reveals that the mentum of the mandible was cut off from the bottom of the radiograph. A 10x12 inch (24x30 cm) IR was used, and it was placed landscape. What must be altered if a repeat exposure is performed?

a. Center the CR at the EAM

b. Increase SID to reduce magnification

c. Place the 10x12 inch (24x30 cm) IR portrait

d. None of the options; all the critical structures were demonstrated

d. None of the options; all the critical structures were demonstrated

A radiograph of a lateral projection of the facial bones reveals that the mandibular rami are not superimposed. What specific positioning error is present on this radiograph?

a. Tilt

b. Excessive flexion

c. Excessive extension

d. Rotation

d. Rotation

Which sinuses are best demonstrated with a parietoacanthial (Waters) projection?

a. Maxillary

b. Frontal and maxillary

c. Frontal, maxillary, and ethmoid

d. Sphenoid and maxillary

a. Maxillary

The PA axial projection (Haas method) for the cranium is an alternative projection for patients who cannot flex the neck sufficiently for an AP axial/Towne but is not recommended when the occipital bone is the area of interest because of excessive magnification. The Haas method requires a CR angle of ____ degrees _____ to the OML.

a. 25, caudal

b. 25, cephalad

c. 30, caudal

d. 30, cephalad

b. 25, cephalad

A radiograph of an anteroposterior (AP) axial projection of the cranium reveals that the dorsum sellae is projected below the foramen magnum, but the posterior arch of C1 is visible within the foramen. Which of the following positioning errors led to this radiographic outcome?

a. Excessive central ray (CR) angulation

b. Insufficient CR angulation

c. Insufficient flexion of the head and neck

d. Tilt of the skull

a. Excessive central ray (CR) angulation

A patient comes to radiology for a sinus series. She cannot fully extend her head and neck for the submentovertical projection. What else can the technologist do to produce a diagnostic submentovertical projection?

a. Angle the CR to place it perpendicular to the OML

b. Angle the CR to place it perpendicular to the IOML

c. Perform the projection with the patient recumbent

d. Place sandbags on the forward to extend the skull

b. Angle the CR to place it perpendicular to the IOML

Which bone is involved with a tripod fracture?

a. Maxilla

b. Ethmoid

c. Temporal

d. Zygomatic

d. Zygomatic

The sensory apparatus of both equilibrium and hearing are contained in the internal ear, lying within the densest portion of the _____.

a. Petrous pyramid

b. Frontal sinuses

c. Mandible

d. Occipital bone

a. Petrous pyramid

Which of the following structures passes through the superior orbital fissure?

a. Optic nerve

b. Olfactory nerve

c. Cranial nerves III to VI

d. Maxillary branch of the fifth cranial nerve

c. Cranial nerves III to VI

The slight depression above each eyebrow is termed the:

a. Glabella

b. Supraorbital foramina

c. Supraorbital groove

d. Frontal tuberosity

c. Supraorbital groove