Unit 1.5 Vocab List (AP Human Geo)

Primary sector

extracting natural resources from the earth

Secondary sector

making products from natural resources

Tertiary sector

providing information and services to people

Quaternary sector

managing and processing information

Quinary sector

creating information and making high-level decisions

GDP

Gross Domestic Product, the dollar amount of all final goods and services produced within a country in one year

GNP

Gross National Product, the dollar amount of all goods and services produced by a country’s citizens in one year

GNI

Gross National Income, the dollar amount of all goods and services produced by a country’s citizens in one year

Formal eco sector

the portion of the economy that is monitored by the government

Informal eco sector

the portion of the economy that is not monitored by the government

Gini Coefficient

a measure of the distribution of income within a population

Fossil fuels

non-renewable energy sources like gas, coal, and petroleum that are formed in the earth’s crust from decayed organic material

Renewable energy

natural energy sources that can be replaced quickly and are plentiful

Per capita

an amount per person

TFR

Total Fertility Rate, the average number of children who would be born per woman of that group in a country (assuming every woman lived through her childbearing years)

IMR

Infant Mortality Rate, the number of children who die before their first birthday

Life expectancy

the number of years someone is expected to live

Literacy rate

the percentage of the population that can read and write (usually above 8th grade)

HDI

Human Development Index, a measure that reflects human well-being that combines GNI per capita with life expectancy, expected years of schooling, and average years of schooling

GII

Gender Equality Index, a composite measure of several factors indicating gender disparity

MDC

More Developed Country

LDC

Less Developed Country

NIC

Newly Industrialized Country

Rostow’s stages of economic growth

modernization theory that focuses on the shift from traditional to modern forms of society

Wallerstein’s World Systems

alternative model to Rostow’s theory, but it is a dependency model (countries do not exist in isolation but are part of the intertwined world system of dependency and depend on one another)

Brandt Line

a line that divides the earth into North and South; shows the divide between MDCs and LDCs