Origins Test 3

DNA

contains information to tell the cells how to function (proteins)

Offspring is determined by ___ inherited from parents.

Genes

began with small amount of DNA, with new DNA being added and new kinds formed over billions of years

the evolution model in regards to DNA; how life began

evolutionary tree of life

how evolutionists represent how life "evolves"

God created all DNA in the beginning

no new kinds ever formed/will form; Fall & curse = loss of complexity

the creation model in regards to DNA

creationist orchard

how creationists represent how life "evolves"

creationist lawn view (stasis model)

what evolutionists accuse creationists of believing (species \= kind)

record of distinct kinds

the creationist fossil prediction: will only find \___

limit to variation

the creationist biological prediction: will find \___

record of transitional forms

the evolutionist fossil prediction: will find \___

no limit to variation

the evolutionist biological prediction: will find \___

alleles

Different combinations of \___ produce variety.

two

how many alleles there are for each genetic trait

nature

what causes selective pressure with alleles, meaning that those with beneficial combinations of alleles can survive, and those without die

mutations

random changes in DNA

negative

type of mutation in which there is a loss of DNA

positive

type of mutation in which brand new DNA is added

harmful

type of mutation which reduces survival and reproduction

beneficial

type of mutation which increases survival and reproduction

positive/beneficial

combination of mutation "categories" which is required for biological evolution

mutations

what cause the variation selected for by natural selection

microevolution

type of evolution: allele combinations and natural selection enables variation within kind

macroevolution

type of evolution: mutations and natural selection cause change from one kind to another

extrapolation

how scientists say microevolution "leads to" macroevolution; because of \___

Mutations and natural selection produce new kinds of organism.

the primary axiom of biological evolution

mathematically impossible, downward, not upward, point back to creation

three limits to mutations

1 in 10¹⁶⁴

chance of a single protein evolving

1 in 10³⁴⁰⁰⁰⁰⁰⁰⁰ (340 million)

chance of a cell evolving

1 in 10⁹⁶

chance of picking a single grain of sand out of the universe

1 in 10⁷⁰

number considered operationally impossible

yes

yes or no: Are there beneficial mutations?

environment

what determines whether or not a mutation is beneficial

wingless beetles, sickle cell anemia

two examples of beneficial mutations

false

true or false: There are a few positive mutations.

malaria

disease which those with sickle cell anemia are immune to

peppered moths, antibiotic resistance in bacteria, insects reistant to pesticides

three "proofs" for macroevolution

favorable

type of variations that natural selection preserves

Genesis 2:7

verse that show that humans were formed

yatsar

Hebrew word meaning "to mold or shape"

created in God's image

where our unique value comes from, and NOT the fact that God molded us

Gen. 1:26-27, James 3:9

Bible verses which show that man is created in God's image

self-consciousness, speech, moral discernment

Since humans were created in God's image, one implication is that humans have the capacity for \___.

man is created in God's image

fact that completely distinguishes man from the animal kingdom

false (includes the whole man, even the physical)

true or false: The fact that humans are created in God's image applies only to the spiritual.

God, creation, other humans

Because man is created in God's image, one implication is that he is able to develop a relationship with ___.

dominion mandate

means that man is to "subdue and have dominion"; includes stewardship

herbs and greens

the diet of man before the fall

adam

where we get the word "man" from; means "red ground"

false

true or false: Man was created ex nihilo.

lump of clay

Man was not created out of dry pulverized earth, but \___.

ishah

Hebrew word for woman because she was taken out of Man

yes

Can we legislate morality based on biblical principles?

conception

when life begins

Ps. 139:1-6, 13-16

Bible verses that show that life begins at conception

In vitro fertilization (IVF)

process of producing life in a laboratory setting; the embryos are created and then implanted back into the mother

natural death

God's plan (for a sin-cursed world) for when life should end

war, capital punishment

two exceptions to when life should end that are "allowed" by God

Gen. 9:6

Bible verse that talks about capital punishment

abortifacients

drugs that cause abortion, which can include prescription birth control methods

embryonic stem cell research

the destruction of human embryos in an attempt to perform medical research

creative dignity, native depravity, redemptive privilege

three areas in which the man and the woman are equal

order of creation, the Fall

two things that establish the headship of the man over the woman

true

true or false: Gender is the same as sex.

devolution of man

view of man that sees man as just a more highly evolved animal, sees animals as equal in status with humans, and explains man's actions by purely naturalistic means

are no

The Creation model predicts that there hominid fossils.

are

The Evolution model predicts that there hominid fossils.

homology

term for common design that is used to explain evolution; says that common design is the result of a common ancestor, not a common Designer

false

true or false: Evolutionists believe that humans came from apes.

angle of femur, thickness of enamel on teeth, brow ridge

three traits that are not distinctive to either man or ape

Hesperopithecus ("Nebraska Man")

transitional form mistake that was based on a tooth that was actually from an extinct pig

Ramapithecus ("Rama's Ape")

transitional form mistake that was based on a few pieces of skull; actually an orangutan

Eoanthropus

transitional form mistake that was a 40 year hoax and a complete fabrication

Australopithecus

apes made human: several species of apes, of which Lucy is most famous; "known" to walk upright

carrying angle of the femur

why scientists considered Lucy to be a transitional form between apes and humans

Laetoli footprints

human footprints found in the same rock layer as Lucy

southern ape

what Australopithecus means

Homo erectus

human made ape: based on the brow ridge, but everything else points to it being homo sapiens

Neanderthal man

human made ape: probably had vitamin D deficiency and rickets and actually had a larger brain capacity than modern humans

Ida (lemur) and Ardi (ape)

two recent examples of transitional forms

search for missing hominids will continue, morality will decay

As long as man rebels against God, ___.

humans

humans or apes: curved pelvis

apes

humans or apes: flared pelvis

humans

humans or apes: curved spine

apes

humans or apes: straight spine

humans

humans or apes: shorter arms

apes

humans or apes: longer arms, curved phalanges

humans

humans or apes: weaker, more "flimsy" wrist design

apes

humans or apes: stronger, more stable wrist design

humans

humans or apes: hole is on the bottom of the head (attachment of head to spine)

apes

humans or apes: hole is in the back of the head (attachment of head to spine)

humans

humans or apes: arched feet and no opposable big toes

apes

humans or apes: opposable big toes and no arched feet

humans

humans or apes: have smaller canines

apes

humans or apes: have larger canines

humans

humans or apes: parabolic-shaped jaws

apes

humans or apes: rectangular-shaped jaws

humans

humans or apes: no slope to the face

apes

humans or apes: slope to the face

humans

humans or apes: have a nasal bone

apes

humans or apes: don't have a nasal bone