biology- osmosis
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26 Terms
What is osmosis?
The diffusion of water across a partially permeable membrane from a dilute to a more concentrated solution.
What type of membrane does osmosis involve?
A partially permeable membrane.
In osmosis, which direction does water move?
From an area of high water potential to low water potential.
What is water potential?
A measure of the tendency of water to move from one area to another.
What happens to a cell in a solution with higher water potential than the cell?
The cell gains water and may swell.
What happens to a cell in a solution with lower water potential than the cell?
The cell loses water and may shrink or become flaccid.
What is a turgid plant cell?
A plant cell full of water; the cell membrane pushes against the cell wall.
What is plasmolysis?
When a plant cell loses water and the cell membrane pulls away from the cell wall.
What solution causes plasmolysis?
A concentrated solution (low water potential).
What happens to plant cells in pure water?
They become turgid due to water uptake.
What happens to an animal cell in a hypotonic solution?
It swells and may burst (lysis).
What happens to an animal cell in a hypertonic solution?
It shrinks or becomes crenated.
Why donât plant cells burst in pure water?
The cell wall prevents them from bursting.
What is a hypotonic solution?
A solution with a higher water potential than the cell.
What is a hypertonic solution?
A solution with a lower water potential than the cell.
What is an isotonic solution?
A solution with the same water potential as the cell.
What is commonly used to demonstrate osmosis in experiments?
Potato cylinders in different sucrose concentrations.
What happens to a potato in a concentrated sucrose solution?
It loses mass (water moves out).
What happens to a potato in pure water?
It gains mass (water moves in).
How do you calculate percentage change in mass?
(Final mass - Initial mass) / Initial mass à 100.
Why blot dry the potato before weighing?
To remove surface water for accurate mass measurement.
Why is osmosis important in cells?
Maintains cell turgor and hydration.
What happens if red blood cells take in too much water?
They burst (lysis).
What happens if red blood cells lose too much water?
They shrink (crenate).
Why is water potential important in biology?
It governs the movement of water into and out of cells.
Note 
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