Understanding Motivation and Theories of Emotion

Motivation

Factors that direct and energize behavior.

Hierarchy of Needs

List of ascending needs from basic to more complex.

Self-Actualization

Need to find self-fulfillment and realize one's potential. - Abraham Maslow

What is Emotion?

Bodily arousal and conscious experience.

James-Lange Theory of Emotion

Physiological arousal or behavior -> Emotion.

Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion

Physiological Arousal <-> Emotion.

Two-Factor Theory of Emotion (Schachter and Singer, 1962)

Physiological Arousal -> Interpretation -> Emotion.

Facial Feedback Hypothesis

Act of forming a facial expression elicits the corresponding emotion.

Angry/Happy Man Study (Schachter and Singer, 1962)

Participants injected with epinephrine (or placebo), told or not told that injection would cause arousal, confederate behaved in angry or happy way, participants labeled emotion.