Protein Functions (DHL-2022)

Flashcards covering the functional categories of proteins and key examples from the lecture notes.

What category of proteins acts as catalysts to speed up chemical reactions?

Catalysts for chemical reactions; these proteins are enzymes.

What category of proteins provides structural support and holds things together?

Structural proteins that give shape and mechanical stability (e.g., actin filaments).

What category of proteins carries other molecules around the cell and through membranes?

Transport proteins; for example, aquaporins transport water across membranes.

What category of proteins generates movement in cells or enables cell movement?

Motor proteins that convert chemical energy into mechanical work (e.g., myosin).

What category of proteins stores other molecules until they are needed?

Storage proteins; for example, serum albumin carries fatty acids.

What category of proteins carries signals from cell to cell?

Signaler proteins; for example, insulin.

What category of proteins receives signals and transmits them across the cell membrane?

Receptors (cell-surface receptors); for example, G-protein coupled receptors.

What category of proteins turn other proteins or cellular functions on and off?

Regulator proteins; for example, TATA-binding protein bound to DNA.

What category of proteins don’t fit easily into any single category?

Unique proteins; for example, Green Fluorescent Protein.

What determines a protein's function according to the notes?

Protein function is defined by protein structure.

What caution is given about examples and categories in these notes?

Do not confuse an example with the category; examples illustrate categories.