BP S1 Exam1 P2

Carbohydrates

Primary source for chemical energy for living systems.

What is the main product of photosynthesis?

Glucose

Name 2 monosaccharides (sugars)

Glucose and fructose

What monosaccharides are in the sucrose?

Glucose and fructose

What is the main transport carbohydrate in plants?

Sucrose

What is starch for?

For storing energy

How is starch composed?

Made of repeated units of glucose.

Cellulose

Structural polysaccharide that forms linear microfibrils impervious to the enzymes that break down starch.

Lipids

Hydrophobic molecules, energy and structural material.

Triglycerides AKA:

Fats and oils

What does triglycerides do?

Store energy

Fats

Oils

How is a triglyceride formed?

1 glycerol and 3 fatty acid molecules

Phospholipids

Modifies triglycerides that are important components of cellular membrane

Amphipathic

Molecules that has both hydrophobic and hydrophilic parts

Properties of Cutin, Suberin and Waxes

Hydrophobic, no water loss permitted, cover the surface cells of stems and leaves.

Steroids

Molecules having four interconnected hydrocarbon rings

Steroids in cell

Stabilization on components of cell membrane

Steroids in animals

Hormones, a kind of signal molecule. Associated wit reproductive cycles, secondary sexual characteristics and stress.

Proteins

Versatile polymers of amino acids.

Amino acids

Used to build proteins

Composition of amino acids

An amino group, a carboxyl group, a hydrogen and polarity of R group.

How many different kinds of amino acids are?

Twenty

On what do amino acids differ?

Size, charge and polarity of the R group

Polypeptides in proteins

One or more long polypeptides

Polypeptide chain

The tertiary structure of a protein

Name the protein levels of organization

Primary, secondary, tertiary, and quarternary

Composition of the quarternary structure

Multiple polypeptide chains

Enzymes

Globular proteins that catalyze chemical reactions in cells

Nucleotides

A phosphate group, a nitrogenous base, and five-carbon sugar

DNA & RNA

In charge of information storage and translation into proteins

Nucleobases of RNA

Cytosine (C), Guanine (G), Adenine (A), Uracil (U)

Nucleobases of DNA

Cytosine (C), Guanine (G), Adenine (A), Thymine (T)

RNA’s role?

Translating the information to the protein

How are proteins made by nucleic acids?

DNA transfers information to RNA, which in turns uses that information to make proteins.

ATP

Adenosine triphosphate

ATP role

The cell’s major energy currency