Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Related Topics (Video Notes) - 150 VOCABULARY flashcards

Antacid

Medicine that neutralizes stomach acid to provide quick relief from heartburn and indigestion.

Aluminum hydroxide

An aluminum-containing antacid that neutralizes acid and may cause constipation.

Magnesium hydroxide

A magnesium-containing antacid that neutralizes acid and may cause diarrhea.

Calcium carbonate

An antacid containing calcium that neutralizes acid and can cause belching and constipation.

Mylanta

Brand of antacid product containing aluminum and magnesium hydroxides.

Maalox

Brand of antacid product similar to Mylanta.

Neutralization

Acid-base reaction that raises gastric pH by neutralizing acid.

Heartburn

A burning sensation in the chest caused by acid reflux.

GERD

Gastroesophageal reflux disease; chronic reflux of stomach contents causing symptoms.

H2 receptor antagonist

Drug class that reduces acid production by blocking histamine H2 receptors on gastric cells.

Ranitidine

H2 receptor antagonist used to treat GERD and ulcers (example of this drug class).

Famotidine

H2 receptor antagonist used to treat GERD and ulcers.

Cimetidine

H2 receptor antagonist historically used for ulcers and GERD.

Nizatidine

H2 receptor antagonist used to reduce acid production.

Proton pump inhibitor

Drug class that irreversibly inhibits the H+/K+ ATPase pump in gastric parietal cells to suppress acid secretion.

Omeprazole

A proton pump inhibitor used to treat GERD and ulcers by inhibiting gastric acid pumps.

Esomeprazole

PPI, S-enantiomer of omeprazole; used to treat GERD and ulcers.

Pantoprazole

A PPI used to treat GERD and ulcers by inhibiting proton pumps.

Lansoprazole

A PPI used to treat GERD and ulcers.

Dexlansoprazole

A PPI used to treat GERD by inhibiting proton pumps.

PPI mechanism

Irreversibly inhibits H+/K+-ATPase in parietal cells to decrease acid secretion.

First-line therapy

The initial preferred treatment option for a condition.

Esophageal mucosa healing

Restoration of the esophageal lining after acid injury.

GERD management

Strategies to control reflux, alleviate symptoms, and promote healing.

Sucralfate

Protective coating agent that adheres to ulcers to shield them from acid.

Sucralfate mechanism

Forms a protective barrier over ulcers and stimulates mucosal defenses.

Paraffin

Liquid paraffin (paraffin oil) used as a lubricating laxative; not commonly used today.

Paraffin oil

Liquid paraffin; a laxative that can coat stool and ease passage.