Orlando’s guide on how to not fail Ap Euro

Renaissance

A Cultural Movement during a specific time period.

European Renaissance

A renaissance that occurred in Europe during the Black Plague, upon rediscovering Classical texts from Greece and Rome.

Petrarch

A philosopher, dubbed the Father of the Renaissance.

Humanism

The belief that humans have infinite power to do anything.

Philology

The study of the history and development of languages.

Lorenzo Valla

A man who helped translate Latin from different centuries into Italian and used philology to expose church document forgeries.

Giovanni Pico

Published Oration on the Dignity of Man, a key book about humanism.

Castiglione

Believed humanism ought to be brought to the public and published 'The Courtier' on how to be a gentleman.

Machiavelli

Believed leaders ought to be strong, kind or brutal as needed, and wrote 'The Prince'.

Secularism

Detaches religion from society.

Individualism

The belief that 'The individual matters more than the many'.

Civic Humanism

Humanism applied to the public sphere, emphasizing grammar and rhetoric.

Naturalism

Painting nature with no human intervention.

Christian Humanism

Humans are more capable than they believe, and with effort can achieve great things within a religious worldview.

Pieter Bruegel

An artist during the Northern Renaissance who painted pictures depicting ordinary people, such as 'The Netherlandish Proverbs'.

Rembrandt

An artist during the Northern Renaissance who painted pictures depicting ordinary people or religious sacrifices, such as 'Slaughtered Ox'.

Erasmus

A Christian Humanist who wrote a book to spread his views on the current political state and the corruption in Christianity.

Quelle des femmes

A debate concerning the character and role of women during the mid-Renaissance period.

Christine De Pizan

A writer who refuted various 'masculine myths' and is often considered 'Europe's first feminist'.

Isabella D'este

A notable woman who patroned many famous artists and helped women integrate into smaller courts during the Renaissance.

The Renaissance

A period of cultural and intellectual rebirth that began in Italy in the 14th century and spread throughout Europe until the 17th century, characterized by a renewed interest in classical learning, humanism, and the arts.

Humanism

A philosophical and intellectual movement that emphasized the value and agency of human beings, individually and collectively, and believed in the importance of education, reason, and critical thinking.

Renaissance Art Techniques

Techniques used in Renaissance art to create depth and realism in paintings, including perspective, chiaroscuro, and sfumato.

Petrarch

A philosopher dubbed the 'Father of the Renaissance', who brought forth the idea of Humanism and found the works of Cicero.

Philology

The study of the history and development of languages.

Lorenzo Valla

A man who used philology to show 'ancient documents of the Church' as forgery.

Secularism

The detachment of religion from society.

Individualism

The belief that 'The individual matters more than the many'.

Civic Humanism

Humanism applied to the public sphere, which brought forth subjects like grammar and rhetoric.

Baldassare Castiglione

A philosopher who published 'The Courtier', advocating for humanism to be brought to the public and describing how to be a gentleman.

Machiavelli

A philosopher who wrote 'The Prince', which argued that a ruler ought to be powerful to keep people in line due to their self-interest.

Naturalism

The painting of nature with no human intervention.

Quelle De Femmes

A debate about women that occurred mid-Renaissance, with a woman's character being a popular topic among humanists.

Christine De Pizan

A notable writer during the Renaissance who refuted various 'Masculine myths' and is considered 'Europe's first feminist'.

Isabella D'este

A woman who patroned for many artists and helped women have a role in smaller courts.

Thomas More

A lawyer and writer during the Northern Renaissance who wrote the book 'Utopia', popularizing religious freedom.

Montaigne

Considered the father of the modern-day essay.

Bruegel and Rembrandt

Artists during the Northern Renaissance who painted pictures depicting ordinary people.

Christian Humanism

A northern philosophical belief that humans are more capable than they believe, and with effort can achieve great things, though not having infinite power.

Erasmus

A Christian Humanist who wrote a book to undermine political and social institutions and brought to light the corrupt aspects of religious hierarchies.

Printing Press

A machine that was used to print papers very quickly by arranging movable type and dipping in ink, revolutionizing literature and the spread of knowledge.

Johannes Gutenberg

The man who invented the printing press.

The Renaissance

A period of cultural and intellectual rebirth that began in Italy in the 14th century and spread throughout Europe until the 17th century, characterized by a renewed interest in classical learning, humanism, and the arts.

Humanism

A philosophical and intellectual movement that emphasized the value and agency of human beings, individually and collectively, and believed in the importance of education, reason, and critical thinking.

Renaissance Art Techniques

Techniques used in Renaissance art to create depth and realism in paintings, including perspective, chiaroscuro, and sfumato.

Petrarch

A philosopher dubbed the 'Father of the Renaissance', who brought forth the idea of Humanism and found the works of Cicero.

Philology

The study of the history and development of languages.

Lorenzo Valla

A man who used philology to show 'ancient documents of the Church' as forgery.

Secularism

The detachment of religion from society.

Individualism

The belief that 'The individual matters more than the many'.

Civic Humanism

Humanism applied to the public sphere, which brought forth subjects like grammar and rhetoric.

Baldassare Castiglione

A philosopher who published 'The Courtier', advocating for humanism to be brought to the public and describing how to be a gentleman.

Machiavelli

A philosopher who wrote 'The Prince', which argued that a ruler ought to be powerful to keep people in line due to their self-interest.

Naturalism

The painting of nature with no human intervention.

Quelle De Femmes

A debate about women that occurred mid-Renaissance, with a woman's character being a popular topic among humanists.

Christine De Pizan

A notable writer during the Renaissance who refuted various 'Masculine myths' and is considered 'Europe's first feminist'.

Isabella D'este

A woman who patroned for many artists and helped women have a role in smaller courts.

Thomas More

A lawyer and writer during the Northern Renaissance who wrote the book 'Utopia', popularizing religious freedom.

Montaigne

Considered the father of the modern-day essay.

Bruegel and Rembrandt

Artists during the Northern Renaissance who painted pictures depicting ordinary people.

Christian Humanism

A northern philosophical belief that humans are more capable than they believe, and with effort can achieve great things, though not having infinite power.

Erasmus

A Christian Humanist who wrote a book to undermine political and social institutions and brought to light the corrupt aspects of religious hierarchies.

Printing Press

A machine that was used to print papers very quickly by arranging movable type and dipping in ink, revolutionizing literature and the spread of knowledge.

Johannes Gutenberg

The man who invented the printing press.