Lab 06 & 07 - Part I: Connective Tissue & Musculoskeletal System

Connective Tissue

made up of loose and densely packed elastic fibers, fibroblasts, and collagen fibers

Loose Connective Tissue

Holds organs and other tissues in place by providing a flexible network of fibers embedded in a gel-like ground substance.

1. Areolar Tissue

contains loosely arranged collagen and elastic fibers with scattered fibroblasts.

areolar tissue location

papillary layer of the dermis

2. Reticular Tissue

composed of loosely arranged collagen fiber called reticular fibers

reticular tissue location

liver, spleen, bone marrow, lymph nodes

3, Adipose Tissue

stores excess calories as fats, contains adipocytes

adipose tissue location

under the skin, around organs, and in bone marrow

Dense Connective Tissue

Primarily composed of tightly packed collagen fibers and fibroblasts, making it flexible and resistant to tension.

1. Dense Regular Tissue

densely arranged collagen fiber matrix, elastic fibers, and a few fibroblasts, fibers are parallelly arranged

dense regular tissue location

tendons and ligaments

Dense Irregular Tissue

composed of a dense matrix of collagen fibers, elastic fibers, and few fibroblasts, randomly oriented

dense irregular tissue location

deep dermis

Cartilage

Composed of a rigid matrix formed by chondroblasts, chondrocytes, collagen fibers, and elastic fibers.

chondrocytes

mature cartilage cells

cartilage function

withstand tension, flexibility, and strength

3 types of cartilage

hyaline, elastic, and fibrocartilage

Hyaline Cartilage

has an Amorphous (no define shape) and rigid matrix

hyaline location

articular cartilage in long bones, costal cartilage connecting ribs to sternum, embryonic skeleton

Elastic Cartilage

Similar to hyaline, but with more elastic fibers

elastic location

ear, epiglottis

Fibrocartilage

Contains thick collagen in the matrix, less firm that hyaline, absorbing shock

fibrocartilage location

intervertebral discs, knee joints

Bone

Has a rigid matrix formed of collagen fibers, osteoblasts, and calcium salts

osteocytes

mature bone cells

Musculoskeletal System

system of bones, muscles, joints, tendons, ligaments, cartilage, and connective tissue.

musculoskeletal functions

1. protection

2. support

3. movement

4. mineral storage

Upper Body Anatomy

Includes skull bones and vertebral column, as well as muscles of the thoracic and abdominal regions.

parietal

occipital

temporal

sphenoid

mandible

maxilla

zygomatic

ethmoid

nasal

lacrimal

frontal

temporal region

external auditory meatus

temporal region

mastoid process

temporal region

zygomatic process

occipital region

foramen magnum

mandible

condylar process

mandible

coronoid process

mandible

ramus

maxilla

palatine process

sutures of the skull

are fibrous joints that connect the bones of the cranium

sagittal suture

coronal suture

lambdoid suture

squamous suture

raises eyebrows

frontalis

open\closes eyelids

orbicularis oculi

open/close mouth

orbicularis oris

moves mandible

masseter

compresses cheeks against teeth

buccinator

cervical

7

thoracic

12

lumbar

5

anatomy of a vertebra

Birds Eye view

anatomy of a vertebra

side view

3 sternum process

manubrium

3 sternum process

body

3 sternum process

xiphoid process

muscles of inspiration

external intercostals, contracts to elevate ribs and expand the thoracic cavity.

muscles of expiration

internal intercostals, contacts to pull ribs down and reduces thoracic cavity

medial rotation, adduction, and extension of humerus, respiration

Latissimus Dorsi

side bending, rotation of head, elevating and depressing the shoulders, and internally rotating the arm

Trapezius

bilateral contaction of these muscles extends the sine, while unilateral contraction causes lateral flexion

erector spinae group

flexes the vertebral column and tenses abdominal wall.

Rectus Abdominis

bilateral: Compresses abdominal viscera, flexes spine, unilateral: laterally flexes and rotates trunk on same side

Internal Oblique

bilateral: Compresses the abdomen, flexes spine, unilateral: laterally flexes trunk on same side, rotates trunk to the opposite side.

External Oblique