Psychology 101 - Memory Flashcards

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Flashcards for Psychology 101, Chapter 8 - Memory, covering terms, concepts, theories, and topics for exam preparation based on lecture notes.

Psychology

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24 Terms

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Confabulation

A memory disturbance where a person unknowingly creates or invents memories, either to fill in gaps in recall or to distort past events.

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Implicit Memory

A type of memory that does not require conscious recall; it involves skills and habits (procedural memory) and is often demonstrated through performance.

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Explicit Memory

A type of memory that requires conscious recall of facts (semantic memory) and personal experiences (episodic memory).

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Recall

A method of memory retrieval where a person must produce information without cues or prompts, such as in a fill-in-the-blank test.

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Recognition

A method of memory retrieval where a person identifies previously learned information from a set of options, such as in a multiple-choice test.

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Priming

A phenomenon in which exposure to one stimulus influences a response to a subsequent stimulus, without conscious awareness.

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Relearning Method

Assesses memory by measuring how much faster a person relearns material that has been previously learned.

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Consolidation

The process by which memories become stable in the brain.

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Long-Term Potentiation

A persistent strengthening of synapses based on recent patterns of activity; it's a neural mechanism for learning and memory.

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Encoding

The process of transforming information into a form that can be stored in memory.

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Elaborative Rehearsal

A memory technique that involves thinking about the meaning of the new information and relating it to information already stored in memory.

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Maintenance Rehearsal

A memory technique that involves repeating information over and over to keep it active in short-term memory.

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Mnemonics

Memory aids or techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices to improve encoding and recall.

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Decay Theory

The theory that memories fade over time due to the passage of time and lack of use.

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Replacement

A theory suggesting that new information overwrites or replaces old information in memory.

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Proactive Interference

Occurs when prior learning disrupts the recall of new information.

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Retroactive Interference

Occurs when new learning disrupts the recall of old information.

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Cue-Dependent Forgetting

Forgetting that occurs when the appropriate retrieval cues are not available.

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State-Dependent Forgetting

Forgetting that occurs when internal cues (e.g., mood, physical state) at the time of encoding do not match the internal cues present at the time of retrieval.

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Mood-Congruent Memory

The tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with one's current mood, whether good or bad.

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Childhood Amnesia

The inability of adults to recall autobiographical memories from early childhood, typically before the age of two.

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Sensory Memory

The initial stage of memory that briefly holds a large amount of sensory information.

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Short-Term Memory

A temporary storage system that holds a limited amount of information for a short period of time.

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Long-Term Memory

The relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system.