Carbon-Based Molecules and Functional Groups (Lecture Notes)

Fill-in-the-blank flashcards covering carbon basics, organic chemistry concepts, bonding, functional groups, isomerism, and ATP.

Organic chemistry studies __-based compounds.

carbon

The atomic number of carbon is __.

6

The atomic mass of carbon is __.

12

Isotopes of carbon include __.

12C, 13C, 14C

Carbon has __ valence electrons.

4

CO2 is an __ carbon compound.

inorganic

Photosynthesis converts CO2 into an organic compound with the empirical formula __.

CH2O

In biological compounds, carbon forms covalent bonds primarily with __.

C, H, O, N, P, and S

In biological compounds, carbon typically forms __ bonds and double bonds.

single and

Organic compounds vary in length, branching, double bond position, and the presence of __.

rings

Isomers have the same chemical formula but different chemical __.

structures

Functional groups participate in chemical reactions (except for __ group).

methyl

An example of a hydroxyl group-containing compound is __.

ethanol

Common carbonyl-containing groups include aldehydes and __.

ketones

The carboxyl group is written as __.

COOH

The amino group is represented as __.

NH2

Sulfhydryl groups are represented as __ and are not hydrophilic.

–SH

Phosphate can form __ bonds.

five

Methyl group is represented as __.

CH3

ATP stands for __ triphosphate.

adenosine