types of solids

Ionic Solids

Components

• Ions

Bonding

• Electrostatic force (ionic bonds)

Properties

• High melting point

• Only conductive if molten or in solution

• Soluble

• Not malleable - brittle

Molecular Solids (Covalent)

Components

• Molecules

Bonding

• IMFs (Intermolecular Forces)

Properties

• Low melting point

• No conductivity

• Soluble if polar, not soluble if nonpolar

• Not malleable

Metallic Solids

Components

• Metal atoms

Bonding

• Metallic bonding

Properties

• Very high melting point

• Conductive

• Not soluble

• Malleable

Substitutional Alloy

Components

• 2+ types of metal atoms

Bonding

• Metallic bonding

Properties

• Very high melting point

• Conductive

• Not soluble

• Malleable

Interstitial Alloy

Components

• Metal atoms with non-metal atoms (small enough to be in lattice)

Bonding

• Metallic bonding

Properties

• Lower melting point than pure metallic

• Less conductive than metallic

• Not soluble

• Less malleable than metallic

Covalent Network Solids (3D)

Components

• Atoms (in 3D network)

Bonding

• Covalent bonding

Properties

• Very very high melting point

• Not conductive

• Not soluble

• Not malleable

Covalent Network Solids (2D)

Components

• Atoms (in 2D layers)

Bonding

• Covalent bonding (with weak IMFs between layers)

Properties

• Very very high melting point

• Not conductive

• Not soluble

• Not malleable

Polymers

Components

• Long molecules of repeating units

Bonding

• IMFs (Intermolecular Forces)

Properties

• High melting point

• Not really conductive (usually insulator)

• Sometimes soluble

• Not malleable