RAWS-FINALS

active and thoughtful process of

understanding, questioning, and

judging a text.

critical reading

It means thinking about what the

author says, why they say it, and

how they say it.

critical reading

mental process of understanding,

analyzing, and making sense of

information.

Thinking

It involves using the mind to form ideas, make decisions, solve problems, and draw conclusions about what we see, hear, or read

thinking

involves being curious, analytical, and reflective.

Critical reading as a way of thinking

It’s not about memorizing facts—it’s about forming your own  understanding. 

Critical reading as a way of thinking

Differentiate the Critical reading and critical reading as a way of thinking

Critical reading

• active and thoughtful process of understanding, questioning, and judging a text

• it means thinking about what the author says, why they say it, and how they say it

• focuses on understanding informations

• accept what is written

• passive process

Critical reading as a way of thinking

• Involves being curious, analytical, and reflective

• Not about memorizing information, it’s about forming your own understanding

• Focuses on analyzing and evaluating ideas

• Questions and interprets what is written

• Active process that uses reasoning and reflection

It asserts the existence of something based on facts or data

claim of facts

It states something that can be

proven true or false through

evidence, data, or observation.

claim of facts

Factual claims are generally ________

objective

expresses a judgment or evaluation,

saying that something is good or

bad, right or wrong, better or worse.

claim of value

attempts to prove that there are

things that are more or less valuable

and desirable.

claim of value

involves judgement, evaluation, and appraisals

claim of value

suggest what should be done

claim of policy

it proposes an action, rule, or solution to a problem

claim of policy

asserts that certain policies must be instituted as solutions to particular problems.

claim of policy

refers to the connection between

one text and another.

intertext (intertextuality)

means that every text is related to

or influenced by other texts, through

quotes, references, themes, or ideas.

intertext (intertextuality)

digital text that includes links which let you jump to other texts, websites, or information instantly.

hypertext

what do u call to the link in hypertext which let you jump to other texts, websites, or information instantly.

hyperlink

is an extension of

hypertext, it includes not only text

and links but also images, audio,

video, animations, and other media.

hypermedia

an active, analytical approach to understanding and evaluating a text beyond its surface meaning

critical reading

cognitive process of logically

thinking through information to

arrive at a conclusion, solution, or

judgment.

reasoning

involves connecting ideas in a

coherent way, analyzing facts,

evaluating evidence, and applying

logic to make informed decisions or

solve problems.

reasoning

reasoning from general principles to reach specific conclusions.

deductive reasoning

This involves

drawing general conclusions from

specific observations or examples.

inductive reasoning

type of reasoning that is more probabilistic

inductive reasoning

an approach that goes beyond

simply understanding the words on a

page

critical reading as reasoning

it requires analyzing and

evaluating the underlying ideas,

assumptions, and arguments

presented in a text.

critical reading as reasoning

We react to the

different claims in the text by

presenting our own _____________________

counterclaims backed up by our own reason and proofs

begins with a general principle or

premise and moves toward a specific

conclusion.

deductive reasoning

involves drawing generalizations from

specific examples or observations.

Inductive reasoning

about finding the best possible

explanation for a given set of

observations, especially when evidence is incomplete

abductive reasoning

involves comparing similar situations to

draw conclusions.

analogical reasoning

about critically reflecting on one’s own biases, assumptions, and interpretations when engaging with a text

reflective reasoning

type of assertion where statements that can be verified with evidence or proof making them objectively true

facts

what are the different types of assertion?

facts, conventions, opinions, and preferences

what are the 3 steps in critical reading as reasoning

1. Identifying assertions

2. Formulating counterclaims

3. Determining Evidence

What type of assertion states that these are the statements based on common practices, societal norms, or widely accepted beliefs rather than absolute truths

conventions

These type of assertions are subjective and

based on personal beliefs or

interpretations rather than facts.

opinions

indicate a personal choice or inclination but do not attempt to present an argument.

preferences

This step requires readers to think

critically by developing

counterclaims

formulating counterclaims

statements that directly oppose the original

claims made by the author.

counterclaims

serve as a tool to test

the strength and validity of the

author's argument.

counterclaims

When you write your counterclaim,

you are expressing unfavorable

statements. Therefore it is needed to

use ______ to be

able to give a courteous tone.

hedges word or phrases

This process encourages a balanced perspective and deepens understanding of the topic.

formulating counterclaims

In this step, readers assess the evidence presented by the author to support their claims.

determining evidence

what are the 4 types of evidences

1. statistical data

2. example and illustration

3. expert testimony

4. research findings

type of evidence that shows numbers, percentages, and figures that support a claim

statistical data

type of evidence that uses real-life cases or analogies that make an argument more relatable or understandable.

examples and illustrations

type of evidence that uses quotes or findings from professionals in the field to add credibility.

expert testimony

Data or conclusions from academic studies or experiments.

research findings

Summary review or an opinion piece

Book review

May be printed in magazines, newspapers, websites, and etc.

book review

Could be a single paragraph or a substantial essay

book review 

Not merely a summary nor a form of advertisement.

book review

Objectively evaluate the book and give your honest reflections and thoughts about the books main message, content, merit, and style.

book review

Similar to a book review but analyzes and comments on articles/text, instead of an entire book.

article critique

Involves a merit recognition, instead of fault finding

article critique

Also a commentary

article critique

Presents critical assessment of the articles content

article critique

May offer agreement or disagreement about the ideas written in an article

article critique

what to do in a book review?

1. We appreciate it

2. Look at it objectively

3. Highlight strengths without underplaying weaknesses

4. provide summary

5. reviewer is an observer, not an examiner

what are the 5 parts of book review?

1. introduction

2. summary

3. review

4. conclusion

5. references

Introduce by stating the title, author, and a brief idea of what it is about.

introduction

May include a catchy statement , anecdote, or insight to capture interest.

introduction

State your thesis statement to alert the readers your "take" on the book

introduction

Give a brief review of the main events or key ideas in a book.

summary

Share your thoughts and judgement about the book.

review(evaluation/critique)

Discuss strengths and weaknesses, effectiveness of writing, characters, ideas, and overall impact.

review(evaluation/critique)

Restate your thesis statement

conclusion

Sum up your overall impression of the book.

conclusion

State whether you recommend it and to whom it may be useful or enjoyable

conclusion

list the book and any sources you used following a proper citation format

references

proper citation format

APA-7th gen