Axial Skeleton Bones and Processes Practical- BIOL 124 GMU

frontal

frontal

the large cranial bone forming the front part of the cranium: the forehead and the upper part of the orbits

parietal

either of two skull bones between the frontal and occipital bones and forming the top and sides of the cranium

temporal

a thick bone forming the side of the human cranium and encasing the inner ear

external acoustic meatus

the entrance to the ear canal

styloid process

extends from the base of the temporal bone

zygomatic process

a slender process of the temporal bone that strengthens the zygomatic arch

mastoid process

process of the temporal bone behind the ear at the base of the skull

occipital bone

a saucer-shaped membrane bone that forms the back of the skull

foramen magnum

the large opening at the base of the cranium through which the spinal cord passes

occipital condyle

Rounded projections lateral to the foramen magnum that articulate with the first cervical vertebra (atlas)

sphenoid

butterfly-shaped bone at the base of the skull

sella turcica

depression in sphenoid bone that holds pituitary gland

ethmoid

one of the eight bones of the cranium

maxilla

upper jaw bone

palatine

either of two irregularly shaped bones that form the back of the hard palate and helps to form the nasal cavity and the floor of the orbits

zygomatic

the arch of bone beneath the eye that forms the prominence of the cheek

lacrimal

small fragile bone making up part of the front inner walls of each eye socket and providing room for the passage of the lacrimal ducts

nasal

an elongated rectangular bone that forms the bridge of the nose

vomer

thin trapezoidal bone of the skull forming the posterior and inferior parts of the nasal septum

inferior nasal conchae

paired, curved bones in the nasal cavity that form part of the lateral walls of the nasal cavity

mandible

lower jaw bone

hyoid

a U-shaped bone at the base of the tongue that supports the tongue muscles

cervical vertebrae

vertebrae of the neck region- 7

transverse foramina

only found in the cervical vertebrae and allow passage of the vertabral artery, vein, and nerve

vertebral foramen

Canal through which spinal cord passes

transverse process

one of two processes that extend from each vertebra and provide the point of articulation for the ribs

spinous process

A slender projection from the back of a vertebra to which muscles and ligaments are attached

atlas

C1; top vertebrae located between the bottom of the skull and C2

axis

C2; second vertebrae from the top, located between the C1 and C3

dens

Cranial projection of the axis that fits into the atlas

thoracic vertebrae

second set of 12 vertebrae; they articulate with the 12 pairs of ribs to form the outward curve of the spine

lumbar vertebrae

vertebrae of the lower back region- large body- 5

sacrum

wedge-shaped bone consisting of five fused vertebrae forming the posterior part of the pelvis

coccyx

the end of the vertebral column in humans and tailless apes -3-5 fused vertebra

sternum

the flat bone that articulates with the clavicles and the first seven pairs of ribs

manubrium

upper portion of the sternum

xiphoid process

lower, narrow portion of the sternum

jugular notch

Notch in top center of manubrium of sternum

true ribs

top 7 pairs of ribs that attach directly to the sternum by costal cartilage

false ribs

last 5 pairs of ribs; attach indirectly to sternum

floating ribs

last two pairs of ribs; do not attach to sternum

mandibular fossa

the depression in the temporal bone into which the condyle of the mandible fits

crista galli

ethmoid bone landmark

perpendicular plate

forms superior part of nasal septum

middle nasal conchae

scroll-like projections on each lateral wall of nasal cavity

Greater wings of sphenoid of the cranium

project laterally from the sphenoid body, forming parts of the middle cranial fossa and the orbits

Lesser wings of sphenoid of the cranium

form part of the floor of the anterior cranial fossa and part of the orbit

coronal suture

the suture between the parietal and frontal bones of the skull

lamboid suture (bony anatomy of cranium)

the suture between the occipital and parietal bones

saggital suture

separates the left and right parietal bone

squamous suture

Between parietal and temporal bones

alveolar processes

sockets for teeth

body of mandible

the horizontal portion of the lower jaw

mandibular angle

posterior point at which ramus meets the body

ramus of mandible

vertical part of mandible

mental foramina (foramen)

hole in mandible

mandibular condyle

Articulation point of the mandible with the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone

coronoid process of mandible

temporalis insertion

mandibular notch

mandible curve

palatine bones (facial)

mark up part of the roof on the mouth

frontal sinus

cavity within the frontal bone

sphenoid sinus

sinus above and behind the nose

ethmoid sinus

Mucosa lined air spaces located above the Sphenoid Sinus and below the frontal sinus.

maxillary sinus

largest paranasl sinus; pyramidal; on cheek bone lateral to nasal bone

body of vertebrae

the thick, disc-shaped anterior portion which is the weight bearing portion

articular surface of the sacrum

lateral part that articulates with the os coxae

body of sternum

the bony structure that forms the middle portion of the sternum

head of rib

Articulates with the costal facet of a thoracic vertebral body.

tubercle of rib

small bump on the posterior side of a rib for articulation with the transverse process of a thoracic vertebra

costal cartilage

connects ribs to sternum

temporomandibular joint

connection on either side of the head between the temporal bone of the skull and mandibular bone of the jaw