Health Issues Flash cards

Risks of poor nutrition include all of the following EXCEPT:

Binge Eating

The administrator of a day care center reports that a child under his care has just been diagnosed

as having TB. He is concerned about the other children in the center and wants to know what to

do. In order to make recommendations, the physicians must also know the:

Age range and Type of TB

Currently, new changes in the MEDICARE program target ______________________ and focus

on quality improvements.

Reducing Costs

As mentioned in the Hypertension lecture, what drug protects women at high risk from

developing breast cancer and increases survival in those who have it, but also raises vulnerability

to a stroke?

Tamoxifen

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the reservoir of TB?

New cases can be prevented by eliminating the reservoir of infection

African Americans had nearly ______ the sudden infant death syndrome mortality rate of whites

in 2022.

3 times

5 million Blacks had diagnosed diabetes in 2024.

FALSE

A stroke is:

Results from the interruption of its blood supply (can cause brain damage)

What is another name for Type 2 Diabetes?

Adult onset diabetes

Which of these is NOT a liver damaging habit?

having breakfast

Compared with whites, young African Americans have a __________ greater risk of stroke.

two to three times

The most important biological trait that determines what disease and individual will contact is:

Age

Compared with whites, African Americans were 50-80% more likely to have a stroke.

TRUE

Sugars are indicated as GRAMS while good minerals are indicated as MILLIGRAMS.

TRUE

Type 2 Diabetes comprises about 60% of all diabetes cases.

FALSE

Postneonatal mortality in African Americans has been most closely linked to

Environmental Factors

Rates rising in men causing blindness, impotence, etc...

Diabetes

1 in 4 men over 55yrs old have hypertension-leads to heart disease

Blood Pressure

Indicator of Heart Disease; may develop in men in their 40’s

Cholesterol level

According to the Diabetes lecture, high blood sugar can lead to amputation of the feet. What could be the reason for this?

Hardening of arteries leads to poor blood flow to the feet

Nerve damage in to the feet that causes insensitivity to injuries, which could cause feet sores

Lack of sensitivity to detect infections

Complications of diabetes include

Nerve damage and Blindless

______% of people with Type 2 Diabetes are overweight.

90%

Group expression of ilness

Infectious Disease

A unique combination of events resulting in illness spectrum

Epidemiology

Periodic outbreaks of disease.

Herd immunity

Medicare covers:

End stage Renal Disease

Approximately what percentage of women will develop stroke, dementia or Parkinson’s disease

in their lifetime?

50%

Which of the following is NOT one of the 4 causes of hypertension?

Low Salt intake

What type of diabetes makes up the majority of the cases?

Type 2 Diabetes

Being overweight or obese increases the risk of:

Cardiovascular Disease

Non-Hispanic Blacks were 4 times more likely to be hospitalized for lower limb amputations

compared to non-Hispanic whites.

True

Which of the following is one of the reasons many African Americans have diabetes?

Socioeconomic factors, Obesity, Lack of physical activity

Hypertension can cause kidney failure by reducing the flow of what to the kidneys?

Blood

How can you prevent getting cancer cells?

Taking off the plastic wrap before heating up food.

What is the most important contributor to stroke in both sexes?

High Blood pressure

What has been linked to an increased incidence of heart disease among women over the age of 35

and those who smoke?

Oral Contraceptive Use

Blacks have a higher mortality rate than whites in _____ of the 15 leading causes of death.

13

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding latent TB infection?

It can spread to others.

Diabetes was the 8th leading cause of death in 2024.

True

Now, due to Affordable Care Act of 2010, MEDICAID must cover:

Children under 19 are eligible with higher incomes up to 355% of the Federal Poverty Level

Population groups that are at increased risk of developing anemia include:

Blacks

Some facts about stroke indicate all of the following except?

Black women are at lower risk of dying from a stroke than Caucasians

African Americans had the highest rates of obesity among both men and women with a

prevalence of about what %?

50%

All of the following statements are true of Type I diabetes EXCEPT:

This type comprises about 90% of all diabetes cases

There is an overall widening disparity between the health status of African Americans and groups of high socioeconomic status.

True

High tuberculin positive rates occur in all of the following certain segments of the population EXCEPT:

All of the following are correct

It is estimated that out of every women in the US were overweight.

2 out of every 3

Which of these is not something to beware about regarding stroke?

Diet

Which statement is false for hypertension?

110/80 = high blood pressure

If your parents or siblings suffered a stroke, you are at ___________ the risk of having one too.

twice

About ___million people in the US are infected with mycobacterium tuberculosis.

13

Most birth control pills increase the blood’s tendency to clot, especially in women over 35.

True

The country’s highest death rates due to stroke are in:

Southearstern united states

According to the hypertension lecture, 60% of stroke fatalities are women.

True

According to the Unhealthy Habits lecture, how do food labels hide sugar content?

Indicate sugar in grams and good minerals in milligrams

According to a recent study, which of the following is true among patients with type 2 diabetes

(T2DM) and recent acute coronary syndrome (ACS)?

A and B

High blood pressure is a major cause of __________.

Arteriosclerosis (hardening of the arteries)

Which of the following is incorrect?

Recently, the ratio of black to white infant mortality was recorded as 5.35 in New Jersey, one of the highest in the nation.

Infants born to Black mothers who have college degrees and presumably greater affluence have:

Greater mortality rates than infants of white mothers who have less than a high school

diploma.

Blacks have a rate of ___ cases per 100,000 persons in regards to TB infection.

2.1

There are four reasons why there are so many African Americans with diabetes, and why most of

those that have it are not aware of it. Which of the following is not one of four reasons?

High Cholestrol

According to a recent study of >400,000 e-cigarette users, which of the following is NOT true?

E-cigarette users had higher rates of diabetes than nonusers.

Which of these is NOT one of the 10 states with the largest Black population in 2024?

Missouri

Which of these is the #1 leading cause of Death for Black MALES?

Heart Disease

African Americans constitute __________% of the US population as of the 2023 American

Community Survey (ACS).

13.7

Which of these is NOT a brain damaging habit?

Consuming unhealthy cooking oil

When a person has cancer it indicates the person has _______________________.

Nutritional deficiencies

__________________ can cause cancer cells to mutate and become resistant and

difficult to destroy.

A and B

The early signs of TB are:

All of the Above

Which of the following is NOT one of the 4 factors of disparity?

benefits derived from family

Which of these is considered acidic and cancer causing?

Red Meat

Data from the 2023 American Community Survey (ACS) showed that _________% of

NJ’s population is uninsured.

6.9

______________ chemicals cause cancer, especially breast cancer.

Dioxin

In 2023, death rate for African Americans was _______________ than whites in suicide

and liver disease/cirrhosis.

Lower

1 sport drink = ______ grams of sugar.

40

Cancer cells feed on sugar substitutes like NutraSweer and Spoonful which are made

with _______________ and it is harmful.

Aspartame

Prevalence is:

The number of current cases of a specified disease during a specified time period

What is epidemiology? `

The study or branch of medicine that deals with the causes, distribution, and control of diseases in a defined population

Which of the following is not true regarding what you should do if you think you have TB?

Take 1 of the following drugs (Isoniazid, etambutol, paminosalicylic acid) inconsistently

Nearly ____ of American adults have high blood pressure in 2025.

Half

Control of diseases is based on 2 fundamental assumptions:

A and B

More than ___ of your total calories from added sugar is too much.

10%

A person is _____ times more likely to develop type II diabetes if they are overweight.

3-7

Which of the following is an advanced sign of TB?

Fever

The infant mortality rate in the US is considered ____ for a developed country.

HIgh

Screening programs are cost-effective for:

Cervical Cancer

Shigella

Mode of transmission = by direct or indirect fecal-oral transmission from patient or carrier. Indivisuals promarliy responsible for transmission are thise who fail to clean their hands and under fingernails thoroughly after defecation.

TB

Administer a chemoprophelactic agent to kill the biologic agent inside the patient so that it cannot infect others.Because chemoprophelactic agents kill biologic agents inside patients so that they cannot infect others

Rabies

Avoid contact with a potentially dangerous reservoir.Because humans avoid contact with a potentially rabid animals and should not keep certain wild animals (skunks, raccoons) as pets. They should also make certain that their pets are properly immunized against rabies. 

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), voluntary medical male circumcision, and treating existing infections with antiretroviral therapy (ART) to suppress the virus

Which of the following is not one of the top 10 states with the largest Hispanic population

in 2025?

Alabama

Sales of carbonated soft drinks are at their lowest in 30 years but we are replacing soda

with flavored water, ready-to-drink coffee and tea, energy drinks, and sport beverages.

True

TB disease develops in everyone who is infected.

FALSE

All of the following are diabetes symptoms except:

FAINTING

What are some measures taken in the management and prevention of infant health

problems?

All of the above

In 2024, ___% of stroke deaths occurred in women.

60%

Black men in the US have the highest rate of prostate cancer in the world.

True

Only __% of the bypass and angioplasty patients admitted by St. Francis in the past 5

years were black.

2%

Which of the following parts/organs of the body are NOT affected by the bacteria that

causes TB?

Heart

Measles

Eliminate the reservoir so that the agent has no place to live, multiply or die in its natural state.Because measles and smallpox die out when the agent has no natural place to multiply. Thus, immunization of a susceptible population with a live attenuated measles vaccine eliminates the reservoir so that the measles virus has no place to live in its natural state.