Ch. 20 World Climates and Global Climate Change
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8 Terms
climate system
The exchanges of energy and moisture that occur among the atmosphere, hydrosphere, solid Earth, biosphere, and cryosphere.
cryosphere
The portion of Earth’s surface where water is in solid form, including snow, glaciers, sea ice, freshwater ice, and frozen ground. It is one of the spheres of the climate system.
Koppen classification
A system for classifying climates devised by Wladimir Köppen that is based on mean monthly and annual values of temperature and precipitation.
aerosols
Tiny solid and liquid particles suspended in the atmosphere.
black carbon
Soot generated by combustion processes and fires.
climate-feedback mechanisms
Several different possible outcomes that may result when one of the atmosphere’s elements is altered.
positive-feedback mechanisms
A feedback mechanism that enhances or drives change.
negative-feedback mechanisms
A feedback mechanism that tends to maintain a system as it is—that is, maintain the status quo.
