PLS 195 Makeup test

Newspapers, television networks, and radio stations are examples of..

mass media

Deregulation has led to

media conglomerates

which of these best characterizes the news media in America

comprised mostly of profit-seeking businesses

Which one of the following statements is accurate?

a. the creation of the internet has dramatically increased the amount of accessible information about politics in the United States

b. Americans know how much more about politics today than the internet

c. the internet has had little impact on the kinds of political information available

d. the internet has led to increased voter turnout in the United States

a

Concerns about media concentration and cross-ownership are based on…

beliefs that democracy thrives if the press espouses many difficult views

which of the following is accurate regarding by-product theory?

a. Most people acquire political information accidentally

b. most people acquire political information intentionally

c. most people are likely to consume their news mostly by reading newspapers

d. most people find politics to be interesting

a

if a federal official sues to stop the publication of a top-secret memo about ongoing military conflict, and a judge agrees and prohibits publication, this is an example of…

prior restraint

reporters have an influential role in politics because

their decisions about what stories to cover influence the information available to the public

news coverage of mass shootings often employs diverse perspectives, from the necessity of gun control laws to attributing violence to mental health issues. These perspectives represent different _____ of the gun control debate

framings

A hostile media effect _______ Americans’ trust in the media

decreases

systematic bias in the media is

very hard to find

each major political party is comprised of what main groups?

the party organization, the party in government, and the party in the electorate

the leaders and workers of a party at the national, state, and local levels are known as _____

the party organization

what is a party system?

a period of time in which parties and issues are stable

describes a situation in which the issues that divide the political parties change in a way that cuts across existing political coalitions

realignment

An example of an issue or event that caused a realignment:

civil rights in the 1960s

the fact that parties have brand names means

their names evoke certain positions or issues

most independents…

have a strong attachment to one of the major parties

In a _______ voters select the candidate they wish to represent the party in the general election

primary election

despite some republicans’ dislike of Donald Trump, their strong dislike of the Democratic Party led them to vote for Trump in 2016. This type of behavior is a concept known as:

negative partnership

American political parties are

ideologically diverse

a voting system where the candidate with the most votes win is called:

plurality voting

why do election rules and their implementation matter?

in close races, small changes to rules can change electoral outcomes

what is public opinion?

what the public thinks about government and politics

Ideology…

is an example of a stable opinion

Core beliefs…

are fairly consistent over time

Changes in the policy mood…

are linked to changes in spending

what is political socialization?

the process by which an individual’s political opinions are shaped by others

how do most people’s political opinions and ideologies start forming?

through interactions with their parents and families

Mass surveys enable researchers to draw inferences about ________ based on a ________ of respondents

population; sample

Social desirability bias…

people give answers they think the interviewer wants to hear

lower levels of trust in the government makes it

more difficult to make public politicy

ideological polarization refers to:

on specific issues, Americans are divided by partisanship

In what respect do unitary and federal systems differ?

where power is held

Imagine an environmental activist founds an organization that aims to reduce pollution in her city. She has difficulty in recruiting members to help, even though they support the cause and will benefit from these efforts. What is this an illustration of?

the free rider problem

Congress often faces difficulty in taking swift action on issues of national concern, such as gun control or immigration, due to

the collective action problem

Which of these are true of collective action problems?

They can make it challenging to pass public policies

How do presidential systems differ from parliamentary systems of government

In parliamentary systems, there is much closer coordination between the legislative and executive branches because the chief executive is elected from the legislature

Conflict

is a natural part of the political process

Ideology is

a cohesive set of ideas and beliefs that allows individuals to organize and evaluate the political world

Norms are…

unwritten rules and informal agreements among citizens and elected officials about how government and society should operate.

To the founders of the American republic, the primary principle of government was

liberty

The Federalist Papers appeared ______ the constitution was signed

after

Under the Articles of Confederation, the national Congress lacked the ability to require states to pay for the Revolutionary army. The authors withheld this power because of their

distrust of a too-powerful national government

In his Second Treatise of Government, John Locke wrote, “Being all equal and independent, no one ought to harm another in his life, health, liberty, or possessions.” This sentiment is also expressed in

Marshall’s opinion in Marbury v. Madison

Pluralism is based on…

A variety of interests within a government will ensure that no group possesses total control

What kind of government exists when eh interests of the people are represented indirectly through their elected leaders?

Republic

A faction is a group of _________ that seek to control government power to ________….

minority or majority interests; pursue their own agenda

What was James Madison’s view about curtailing liberties to control the corrosive effect of factions?

He viewed this solution as worse than factions themselves

Who monopolized power under the Articles of Confederation?

The states

James Madison’s size principle was based on the premise that…

the new nation of 13 states would be large and diverse so that majority interests would be unlikely to organize and dominate public policy making.

What is one consequence of the vague language of the U.S. Consitution

Conflicts often arise and must be resolved by the Courts

_______ resulted in the creation of a bicameral Congress

The Great Compromise

What addressed Antifederalist desires to limit the power of the national government?

Tenth Amendment

Which one of the following concepts applies most directly to the balance of power between state and national governments?

Supremacy clause

The Supreme Court strikes down a law that was passed with widespread support inone state. The leaders of that state, who vehemently oppose this decision, would look upon which document as supporting their postition?

Brutus 1