AP WORLD Unit 6: Consequences of Industrialization

Second Wave of Imperialism

A new phase of European imperialism from 1750 to 1900, characterized by increased control over regions in Africa, Asia, and other parts of the world.

Nationalism

The pride in one's country and the belief in the superiority of one's nation, which fueled competition and imperial expansion among European countries.

Scientific Racism

The belief that some races are superior to others, supported by pseudoscientific claims, used to justify imperialism.

Social Darwinism

The application of 'survival of the fittest' to human societies, used to rationalize the dominance of industrialized nations over weaker ones.

Civilizing Mission

The belief held by Europeans in their duty to civilize other parts of the world through the spread of Western education, values, and religion.

Methods of Imperial Expansion

Strategies used by European powers to extend their control, including diplomacy, warfare, settler colonies, and conquest of neighboring territories.

Economic Imperialism

A form of control where one state dominates another's economy without full political colonization, exploiting resources for their own benefit.

Migration Causes

Factors leading to migration, including environmental changes, economic hardship, and technological advances that made travel easier.

Urbanization

The rapid growth of cities resulting from migration, causing significant demographic changes in the urban landscape.

Nativism

A political policy prioritizing native-born populations over immigrants, often fueled by cultural and ethnic prejudice.

Berlin Conference

A meeting in 1884-1885 where European powers divided Africa into colonies without involving African leaders.

Opium War

Conflicts between Britain and China over the opium trade, leading to China's economic subjugation and unequal treaties.

Irish Potato Famine

A catastrophic failure of potato crops in Ireland during the 1840s causing mass starvation and emigration.

Indentured Servitude

A labor system where individuals signed contracts to work for a certain number of years in exchange for passage to new destinations.

Treaty of Nanking

The treaty that ended the First Opium War, forcing China to cede territory and open ports to British trade.