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Aristotle
start of the scientific method
Archimedes
water displacement
Copernicus
heliocentric model
Brahe
identified positions of the starts
Galilei
father of observational astronomy
Kepler
laws of planetary motion
Newton
laws of motion; gravity
Hutton
principle of uniformitarianism
Messier
catalog of nebulae/star cluster
Herschel
discovered infrared radiation
Somerville
first scientist
Maxwell
electromagnetic spectrum (EMS)
Tesla
radio wireless technology
Tsiolkovsky
father of modern rocketry
Cannon
star classification system
Einstein
theory of relativity; E=mc2
Wegener
theory of continental drift
Lehmann
determined inner layers of the earth
Hubble
Hubble's law (universe=expanding)
Johnson
human computer; calculated space flights
Tharp
first map of Atlantic ocean floor
Sagan
popularized astronomy for mass audience
Hawking
black holes leak energy
Atwater
plate tectonics
Tyson
demotion of Pluto
Raymo
paleoclimatologist studying earth’s past/ice ages