Eye Assessment

ophthalamoscope

important instrument that helps look at parts of the eye

what position should the patient be in during the eye assessment?

sitting down

legal blindness

worse than 20/100, vision cannot be corrected

corneal light reflex

shine penlight on nose, light reflex should be in the same position in both eyes

diagnostic positions test

tests cranial nerves 3, 4, & 6 for extraocular muscle function; move finger in six different directions (h-shape), document movement

external ocular structures inspections (6)

• eyebrows

• eyelids

• eyelashes

• eyeballs

• conjunctiva

• sclera

general external ocular structures inspection

running into objects ?

eyebrows external ocular structures inspection

symmetrical with no scaling or lesions

eyelids & lashes external ocular structures inspection

skin intact with no redness, swelling, discharge, or lesions

eyeballs external ocular structures inspection

no protrusion or sunkenness (could be dehydration or hyperthyroidism)

conjunctiva & sclera external ocular structures inspection

slide lower lids down, ask patient to look up. should be moist & glossy with white over sclera; lower lids should be clear & pink

failed lacrimal apparatus test

excessive tearing when nasolacrimal duct is pressed down on

cornea & lens anterior eyeball structures inspection

stand from side and shine light, check for smoothness and clarity

iris & pupil anterior eyeball structures inspection

note iris coloration & pupil should be flat w/round, regular shape and equal size in both eyes

resting pupil size

3-5mm

pupillary light reflex

checks for constriction of pupil when light shines on it (desired)

true or false: during a Pupillary Light Reflex test, only the eye which the light is being shined on should constrict.

false; both eyes should constrict equally (consensual light reflex)

accommodation test

patient focuses on distant object, quickly focuses on close object, eyes should constrict and converge

PERRLA

Pupils are Equal, Round, & Reactive to Light and Accommodation

how should PERRLA be documented?

“PERRLA intact” when tests are passed

what is this instrument called?

ophthalmoscope

true or false: infants can blink in response to bright light

true, they have similar reflexes to adults

myopia

nearsightedness

hyperopia

inability to focus on near objects

presbyopia

farsightedness due to loss of elasticity; aging

O.S. (unapproved abbreviation)

left eye

O.D. (unapproved abbreviation)

right eye

O.U. (unapproved abbreviation)

both eyes