what is a covalent bond

chemical bond that results from sharing valence electrons

why do covalent bonds form

in order to form an octet or duet

what forces are involved as 2 atom bond

electron repulsion, nucleus- nucleus repulsion, electron- nucleus attraction

what happens if the atoms get too close to each other?

they repel

how is a molecule different from a formula unit

formula units are used for ionic compounds and molecules are used for covalent compounds

what does the Lewis structure show you

how many electrons are bonds and lone pairs

what is a sigma bond

single covalent bond

what is a pi bond

formed when parallel orbitals overlap and share electrons

out of single, double, and triple bonds- which is the longest bond?

single bond

out of single, double, and triple bonds- which of the following is the weakest bond

single bond

a reaction that gives off heat

exothermic reaction

a reaction that absorbs heat

endothermic reaction

what type of elements form covalent compounds

nonmetals

what is the octet rule

most elements need 8 valence electrons on their outer shell to be stable like noble gasses

when naming covalent compounds how does the first element name change?

it doesn’t change

when naming covalent compounds how does the second element name change

it ends with -ide