Phase 2 720 Hour Southwest Technical College Academy

(PCS) What does mediation mean?

Intervention of an acceptable, impartial, and neutral third part to assist contending parties to voluntarily reach their own mutually acceptable settlement in a dispute

(PCS)What are things to keep in mind while considering mediation?

- Officer safety must not be compromised

- Subjects must be willing to talk

- Subjects must remain rational

- Subjects must be willing to compromise

- Subjects must not get physical

(PCS) If after mediation is tried and your threat assessment indicates possible danger to officer safety, what should you do?

Escalate to another disturbance resolution tactic such as arbitration or crisis intervention or (if needed) use of physical intervention tactics.

(PCS) What are the ground rules for basic mediation tactics?

- Introduce yourself

- Explain your role as a mediator

- Everything said is part of a law enforcement contact

- Explain mediation process

- Answer questions

- Get verbal agreement to process

(PCS) What does arbitration mean?

A person in authority makes decisions about what actions are to be taken in order to stabilize a situation, once attempts to seek cooperation prove ineffective and/or safety is compromised

(PCS) What is the technique for arbitration?

- Make a request for a subject to do something and why

- If the subject refuses, offer two choices for them to decide

- Make sure you check their choice and take appropriate action for their choice

(PCS) What is a way to remember the steps for arbitration?

REACT.

- Request cooperation

- Explain reason

- Allow choice

- Check decision

- Take action

(PCS) What is crisis intervention?

Dealing with anyone who is not thinking clearly and rationally, making it difficult to use reasoning and logic to encourage compliance

(PCS) What are the steps for pre-intervention preparation in a crisis?

- Calm yourself

- Center yourself and get focused

- Develop a strategy for the intervention

(PCS) Explain the guidelines for the crisis intervention format.

- Try to get the persons attention

- Check on the persons perception of reality

- Try to establish rapport with the person

- Explain your perception of reality

- Move toward resolution of the situation

(PCS) Under disturbance resolution, what are the two models taught?

- Mediation

-Arbitration

(PCS) How does the crisis model change the order of the OIR model?

- Opening

- Information-gathering

- Is it a crisis? (YES)

- Use appropriate strategies

- Resolution

(PCS) What are pre-intervention preparation steps?

- Calm yourself

- Center yourself and get focused

- Develop a strategy for the intervention

(PCS) When intervening with a person in crisis, what guidelines should you keep in mind?

- Try to get the persons attention

- Check on the persons perception of reality

- Try to establish rapport with the person

- Explain your perception of reality

- Move toward resolution of the situation

(PCS) Identify the four conditions in which you are done talking in crisis intervention.

DONE

- Danger

- Overriding concern

- No progress

- Escape

(PCS) What are the first two modes of the Intervention Options?

- Presence

- Dialog

(PCS) What are the last three modes of the Intervention Options that involve physical intervention?

- Control Alternatives

- Protective Alternatives

- Deadly Force

(PCS) What are five specific actions to take during subject debriefing?

- Calm yourself and your partner

- Calm the subject

- Provide initial medical assessment

- Reassure the subject

- Rebuild the subjects self-esteem

(PCS) What are the steps in death notification?

- Go with certainty

- Go without delay

- Go in person

- Go in pairs

- Make the approach

- deliver the notification in plain language

- Demonstrate compassion and gather support

- Provide closure and follow up

- Exercise self assessment and care

(Evidence) What is the goal of a preliminary investigation?

Obtain, document and use a much accurate information from the scene as possible

(Evidence) How big should the outer perimeter be of a crime scene?

50% larger than the inner perimeter

(Evidence) Out of the three different types of perimeters, which on is the most restrictive?

Inner Perimeter

(Evidence) Which perimeter is the staging area and has the command post?

Extended Perimeter

(Evidence) What are the ways you can be exposed to a contamination?

- Inhalation

- Skin contact

- Ingestion

- Injection

(Evidence) What is the order for crime scene processing?

1. Walk-through

2. Photograph/ videotape

3. Search for evidence

4. Sketch the crime scene

5. Collect physical evidence

6. Debrief personnel

7. Release the crime scene

8. Conduct follow-up

(Evidence) Which three steps for crime scene processing can be done simultaneously?

- Walk-through

- Photograph/ videotape

- Search for evidence

(Evidence) What are the different kinds of search patterns?

- Grid

- Spiral

- Strip/Lane

- Zone

(Evidence) What are the three primary purposes for evidence?

- To prove an element of the offense

- To connect the suspect to a particular person or place

- To help reconstruct or corroborate either the victims or the suspects account of the events

(Evidence) Proper handling of evidence comes down to making sure of two things:

- The evidence must be properly documented

- The chain of custody must be preserved

(Evidence) What are common evidence packaging materials?

- Paper

- Cardboard boxes

- Plastic

- Glass vials and Jars

- Metal cans

(Evidence) What are the three basic principles in your preliminary investigation of a death scene?

- Rapid response (follow crime scene checklist)

- Everything is evidence (single most important piece of evidence is victims body)

- Special training is needed (criminal investigator should take charge)

(Evidence) When does Algor mortis begin?

When the body begins to cool once death has set in

(Evidence) When does Livor mortis begin?

When the heart stops pumping blood, the blood tends to settle at the body's lowest points

(Evidence) When does Rigor mortis begin?

A few hours after a person dies and the joints of the body stiffen and become locked in place

(Evidence) What is the cause of death?

The disease or injury that produced the fatal end result

(Evidence) What is the means of death?

The method, instrument or weapon, which produced the fatal injury

(Evidence) What is the manner of death?

Refers to whether the death was natural, homicide, suicide, accidental, or undetermined

(Crisis Management) What are EDP's?

Emotionally disturbed persons that do not think clearly and rationally, making it difficult to use reasoning and logic to gain compliance from them

(Crisis Management) What are long-term EDP's?

People who are chronically mentally ill, meaning they have a mental disorder all the time

(Crisis Management) What are short-term EDP's?

People who are going through an acute mental or emotional crisis, or who are simply very upset for some reason

(Crisis Management) Define chemical abusers.

People who abuse alcohol or other drugs, or both.

(Crisis Management) What are the steps of the crisis cycle?

1. Normal state

2. Stimulation

3. Escalation

4. Crisis State

5. De-escalation

6. Stabilization

7. Post-crisis drain or depletion

(Crisis Management) What are the goals in managing crisis situations?

- Try to ensure safety for yourself and others

- Establish and maintain control

- Resolve situations positively

- Help arrange follow up care

(DAAT) What are the six follow through considerations in disturbance resolution?

- Stabilize

- Monitor/Debrief

- Search

- Escort

- Transport

- Turnover/release

(Crisis Management) What are the behaviors that suggest a person is undergoing a crisis?

- Appears very upset or angry

- Is crying

- Seems very confused and/or disoriented

- Is withdrawn; is not interacting with or responding to other people

- Acts depressed

- Seems to be out of touch with reality

(DAAT) What is Oleoresin Capsicum?

Inflammatory agent that is a mixture of an oily resin and a naturally occurring essential oil derived from varieties of the red pepper plant

(DAAT) What is the goal of control devices such as OC and ECD?

Overcome active resistance or threat

(DAAT) What is the criterion of active resistance or threat?

Not appropriate to use against verbal aggression, people who are running away, children and older persons, and persons engaged in peaceful civil disobedience UNLESS reasonably justified by the circumstances covered in approach considerations

(Crisis Management) What are the steps for pre-intervention preparation?

- Find out as much as you can about the person/situation

- Calm yourself

- Center yourself and get focused

- Develop a strategy for the intervention

(Crisis Management) What does Ch. 51 emergency detention explain?

LEO can take person into custody and to hospital/treatment facility for up to a 72 hour hold

(Crisis Management) Under Wis. Stat. 51.01(13)(b), mental illness is defined as..?

For purposes of involuntary commitment, means substantial disorder of thought, mood, perception, orientation or memory which grossly impairs judgment, behavior, capacity to recognize reality, or ability to meet the ordinary demands of life, but does not include alcoholism

(Crisis Management) What are the factors that may allow an arrest when the person exhibits behavior that they cannot be safely released?

- Original incident involves violation of a statute

- No one can be located who can safely take custody of the subject

- The subject will not be admitted to a medical facility voluntarily

- Criteria for emergency detention under § 51.15 are not met

(Crisis Management) What are the standards for emergency detention?

- Danger to self

- Danger to others

- Inability to care for self

- Inability to satisfy basic needs

(Crisis Management) What is the procedure for emergency detention?

- Take person into custody

- Complete and sign a statement of emergency detention

- Transport the person

- File the statement of emergency detention

(Crisis Management) Under § 55.06 what is the criteria for protective placement?

- Primary need for residential care and custody

- At least 18 (developmental disability at least 14)

- Are dangerous to self or others

- Permanent disability

(DAAT) What are the steps in approach considerations under the disturbance resolution model?

- Decision-making

- Tactical deployment

- Tactical evaluation

(DAAT) What are the steps in decision making under the disturbance resolution model?

- Justification

- Desirability

(DAAT) What are the steps in tactical deployment under the disturbance resolution model?

- Control of Distance

- Relative positioning

- Relative positioning with multiple subjects

- Team tactics

(DAAT) What are the steps in tactical evaluation under the disturbance resolution model?

- Threat assessment opportunities

- Officer/subject factors

- Special circumstances

- Level/Stage/Degree of stabilization

(Crisis Management) What are the three life-saving skills of QPR for someone who may be considering suicide?

1. Questioning a person about suicide

2. Persuade the person to get help

3. Refer the person to the appropriate resources

(Crisis Management) What are the steps to keeping the subject and others safe in a suicidal crisis?

1. Conduct a continuing threat assessment

2. Try to get the person to talk (Question)

3. Show empathy

4. Negotiate solutions (Persuade)

5. Determine what action to take (refer)

(Crisis Management) What are some verbal indicators that the person you are dealing with may have a mental disorder?

- Expressing extreme hostility or excitement

- Expressing thoughts or ideas that seem to be illogical, disconnected, unrelated, or bizarre

- Expressing "paranoid" or extremely suspicious ideas or feelings

- Using unusual speech patterns

(Crisis Management) What are some behavioral indicators that person you are dealing with may have a mental disorder?

- Unusual body postures or movements

- Repetitious, ritualistic movements

Extreme or unusual or inappropriate agitation or anger

- Unusual or extreme confusion

- Being very withdrawn

(Con Law) People have a reasonable expectation of privacy in?

- Property located inside your home, home itself, hotel room

- Some places otherwise public such as enclosed restrooms

- Conversations taking place in an enclosed phone booth

- Contents of opaque containers

(Con Law) Do computers generally have a reasonable expectation of privacy?

Yes. It is treated similarly to a closed container for REOP. This also extends to data held within device

(Con Law) What are some examples that the Supreme Court has held that people do not have a reasonable expectation of privacy?

- Activities in open fields

- Garbage deposited outside of person's property

- VIN numbers

- Strangers house that one has entered without owner consent

- Open view

(Con Law) Does the 4th amendment protect a person from another person who conducts a search and informs law enforcement?

No because the 4th amendment protects people from government conducting unlawful searches

(Con Law) Does someone have reasonable expectation of privacy if they abandon articles?

No

(Con Law) What is curtilage when dealing with reasonable expectation of privacy?

Area immediately surrounding a dwelling and where the daily activities of the home take place such as yard, sidewalk, and side of house where trash cans are stored

(Con Law) What are the four factors to consider when determine whether an area falls within the curtilage?

- Proximity of the area of the home

- Whether the area is included within an enclosure surrounding the home

- The occupants use for the area

- Steps taken to protect the area from observation from passerby

(Con Law) Plain view doctrine permits a warrantless seizure of evidence or contraband when?

- An officer is lawfully in a position from which he or she makes a plain view observation

- The incriminating nature of the evidence is immediately apparent without manipulating the object

- The officer has lawful right of access to the evidence itself

(Con Law) What can you take in a search?

- Contraband

- Instrumentalities of crime

- Fruits of a crime

- Evidence of a crime with the intent of charging the individual with an offense

(Con Law) When can a search occur under WI law?

- Incident to lawful arrest

- With consent

- Pursuant to a valid search warrant

- With the authority and within the scope of a right of lawful inspection

- Pursuant to a search during an authorized temporary questioning as in §968.25

- As otherwise authorized by law

(Con Law) When shall a warrant be issued?

- Upon probable cause

- Supported by Oath or affirmation

- Particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized

(Con Law) What are some potential sources of information for probable cause in a search warrant?

- Personal observation

- Other LEOs

- Citizens

- CIs

- Suspects

(Con Law) A person may be guilty of what kind of crime if a search warrant is prematurely disclosed?

Class 1 Felony

(Con Law) Unlike an arrest warrant, when must a search warrant be executed?

On midnight of the fifth day, counting holidays and weekends, following its issuance

(Con Law) After executing a search warrant, when must it be returned?

Within 48 hours regardless if the five day period would not have ended yet

(Con Law) What must an officer do before seeking to execute a search warrant per constitutional law?

Knock and announce

(Con Law) What is the exception to the knock and announce requirement for executing a search warrant?

If an officer reasonably believes that knocking and announcing will create a strong likelihood of the destruction of evidence or danger to officer or others

(Crisis Management) What does §51.45(2)(f) explain for helping an intoxicated person?

If an intoxicated person agrees, you may assist them to get home or to a detox facility or other approved treatment facility or health care facility.

(Crisis Management) What defines an incapacitated person under §51.45(2)(d)?

- Unconscious, or

- Cannot make rational decisions

(Crisis Management) What does the statute require of Law Enforcement when dealing with an incapacitated person?

A person shall be placed under protective custody and shall either bring them to an approved public treatment facility for emergency treatment or request a designated person to bring person to facility for emergency treatment

(Crisis Management) What are the four mental disorders that are considered serious and persistant?

- Depression

- Bipolar

- Schizophrenia

- Anxiety

(Con Law) What does subjectively reasonable mean in regards to 4th amendment protection?

A person must expect some degree of privacy in the place or thing

(Con Law) What does objectively reasonable mean in regards to 4th amendment protection?

One that society is willing to recognize as reasonable

(Con Law) LEOs may search a place without a warrant or even probable cause if a person who has the authority to do so voluntarily gives any of the three consent concepts which are?

- Authority to consent

- Voluntariness of consent

- Scope of consent

(Con Law) Consent is voluntary to search if..?

Law enforcement has not used any force or threats to coerce it

(Con Law) What may the court look at in determining the validity of voluntary consent?

- Age

- Education

- Intelligence

- Physical and Mental condition of person giving consent

- Whether person is under arrest

(Con Law) How much can a law enforcement officer search when given voluntary consent?

Only what the person has said what the scope of the search can be and they can stop it at any time

(Con Law) What are exigent circumstances that apply with probable cause to search without a warrant?

- Evidence of a crime is in imminent danger of destruction

- A threat puts either the police or the public in danger

- Police are in "hot pursuit" of a suspect

- The suspect is likely to flee before police can obtain warrant

(Con Law) When searching without a warrant under "Hot Pursuit" when does it apply?

LEO have probable cause to believe subject has committed a felony offence, an officer may enter home if they have probably cause to believe the subject is in the home

(Con Law) What can an officer search in a search incident to arrest?

May search only the person arrested and the area within which that person might gain possession of a weapon or might destroy or hide evidence

(Con Law) What are the parameters for a search incident to arrest with a protective sweep?

- It is limited in nature and must be specifically targeted at finding people

- It is not to be used as a ruse to an investigatory search for evidence

(Con Law) If an officer has probable cause, how much can they search of an automobile without a warrant?

Any place a judge could give them a warrant to search. This includes searching a container, closes, locked, or open.

(DAAT) What is the optimal distance for electrodes when using a taser?

12in

(Con Law) Does the court distinguish between a probable cause search of an automobile and a search of a particular object known to be in the automobile?

No

(Con Law) What is the justification to lawfully search incident to arrest for any person arrested and taken into custody?

To discover any articles on his or her person which could constitute a danger to them, other inmates, or jailers

(DAAT) What kind of pain does drive-stuns cause for taser?

Localized pain and does not cause neuro-muscular incapacitation (NMI)

(Con Law) Can an officer impound a car after arresting a person in their car?

Only if the car cannot be safely left at the scene of the arrest and the car will be inventoried at the station for the protection of the person and department