Chapter 4: Cell Structure & Function

A set of vocabulary flashcards focusing on key terms and definitions related to cell structure and function.

Cell Theory

All living organisms are composed of cells, which are the basic units of structure and function in organisms, and cells arise from existing cells.

Prokaryotic Cells

Simpler cells, predominantly bacteria and archaea, that lack membrane-bound organelles including a nucleus.

Eukaryotic Cells

Complex cells that have membrane-bound organelles, including a nucleus, and are found in organisms including plants, animals, fungi, and protists.

Cytoplasm

The region between the nucleus and plasma membrane, making up most of a cell's volume.

Ribosomes

Non-membrane-bound structures in the cytoplasm responsible for protein synthesis.

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

An organelle that assists in the synthesis of proteins (rough ER) and lipids (smooth ER).

Golgi Apparatus

An organelle that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or for use within the cell.

Lysosomes

Vesicles filled with digestive enzymes used for breaking down waste materials and cellular debris.

Vacuoles

Large storage sacs within cells, particularly pronounced in plant cells, which can contain water, nutrients, and waste.

Mitochondria

Organelles known as the power plants of the cell, involved in producing ATP through cellular respiration.

Chloroplasts

Organelles found in plant cells that conduct photosynthesis, converting sunlight into chemical energy.

Cytoskeleton

A network of filaments and microtubules that supports the cell, maintaining its shape and organizing the organelles.

Centrioles

Cylindrical structures that help in organizing microtubules during cell division but are not found in plant or fungal cells.

Cilia

Short, hair-like projections on cells that can move them or help move substances across their surface.

Flagella

Long, whip-like structures that aid in the motility of cells.