Chemical Events at the Synapse

These flashcards cover essential vocabulary related to chemical events at the synapse, neurotransmitter functions, receptor types, and hormonal influences as discussed in the lecture.

Synapse

The junction between two neurons, where neurotransmission occurs.

Neurotransmitter

Chemicals that transmit signals across a synapse from one neuron to another.

Ionotropic Receptors

Receptors that open ion channels immediately upon binding a neurotransmitter.

Metabotropic Receptors

Receptors that activate metabolic pathways and produce longer-lasting effects.

Exocytosis

The process by which neurotransmitters are released from the presynaptic neuron.

Reuptake

The process by which neurotransmitter molecules are taken back into the presynaptic neuron.

GABA

An inhibitory neurotransmitter that opens chloride channels in postsynaptic neurons.

Glutamate

A major excitatory neurotransmitter that often opens sodium channels.

Vagus Nerve

A cranial nerve that controls various functions, including heart rate.

Second Messenger

A molecule that transmits signals inside cells after a receptor is activated.

LSD

A hallucinogenic drug that mimics serotonin and affects perception.

Endorphins

Neuropeptides that act as natural painkillers and are involved in pleasure.

Cannabinoids

Chemicals found in marijuana that affect neurotransmission by binding to specific receptors.

Autoreceptors

Receptors on the presynaptic neuron that monitor and regulate neurotransmitter release.

Acetylcholine

A neurotransmitter that plays a key role in muscle activation and other functions.

Epinephrine

A hormone and neurotransmitter involved in the response to stress.

Hormones

Chemicals secreted by glands that travel through the bloodstream to affect other organs.

Lipid-soluble Hormones

Hormones that can pass through cell membranes and activate intranuclear receptors.

Negative Feedback

A process that regulates hormone levels by inhibiting further release when levels are sufficient.

Tryptophan

An amino acid precursor to serotonin.