Thermal physics and gravitational fields
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19 Terms
Specific latent heat of fusion
The thermal energy required per unit mass to change solid to liquid at constant temperature
Root mean square
The square root of the mean of the squares of the molecular speeds in a gas
Boltzmann constant
The gas constant per particle
Avogadros constant
The number of particles per mole of substance
Pressure law
For a fixed mass of gas at constant volume, pressure is directly proportional to absolute temperature
Charles’s law
For a fixed mass of gas at constant pressure, volume is directly proportional to absolute temperature
Boyle’s law
For a fixed mass of gas at constant temperature, pressure is inversely proportional to volume
Specific latent heat
The energy required to change the phase of 1kg of a substance without a change in temperature
Specific heat capacity
The energy required to raise the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1K
Absolute zero
The temperature at which a system has minimum internal energy, particles have zero kinetic energy
Internal energy
The sum of the random distribution of kinetic and potential energies of all the particles in a system
Orbital period
The time taken for one complete orbit
Escape velocity
The minimum speed needed for an object to escape a planet’s gravitational field without further propulsion.
Equipotential surface
A surface on which the gravitational potential is constant; no work is done when moving along it
Gravitational potential energy
The work done to move a mass from infinity to a point in the field
Gravitational potential
The work done per unit mass to move a small test mass from infinity to a point in the field
Newtons law of gravitation
The gravitational force between two masses is directly proportional to the sum of the masses and inversely proportional to the square of their separation
Gravitational field strength
The force per unit mass experienced by a small test mass placed in the field
Gravitational field
A region of space where a mass experiences a force due to its mass
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