ichthyology lab practical 1

lepisosteiformes

gars

petromyzontiformes

lampreys

myxiniformes

hagfish

actinistia

coelacanths

amiiformes

bowfins

chondrostei

sturgeons and paddlefish

dipnoi

lungfish

elasmobranchii

sharks and rays

holocephali

chimaeras

cladista

bichirs

teleostei

teleosts

tetrapodomorpha

terrestrial vertebrates

chondrichthyes

cartilaginous fish

osteichthyes

bony fish

sacropterygii

lobe finned fishes

actinopterygii

ray finned fishes

anguiliform

long and slender body shape (EX lampreys, lungfish)

compressiform

laterally flattened and deep bodied body shape (EX lookdowns)

depressiform

dorso-ventrally flattened and wide bodied body shape (EX rays)

filiform

thin elongated eel-like body shape (EX pipefish)

fusiform

classic streamlined body shape (EX bass)

globiform

short and round body shape (EX pufferfish)

sagittiform

long and slender body shape with posterior propulsive fins (EX gars)

ceratotrichia

supports for lobed fins

lepidotrichia

scale-like fin supports in bony fish (rays)

placoid scales

tooth-like scales made of dentine found in chondrichthyans

ganoid scales

rhombus shaped scales found in gars, bowfin, paddlefish, and sturgeons

standard length

tip of snout to base of caudal fin

total length

tip of snout to end of caudal fin

head length

tip of snout to end of operculum

snout length

tip of snout to anterior margin of eye

body depth

maximum depth of body from dorsal to ventral side

caudal peduncle depth

minimum depth of caudal peduncle

caudal peduncle length

posterior margin of anal fin to base of caudal fin

body width

maximum body width/ thickness

lateral line scales

number of scale rows from posterior margin of operculum to fold at base of caudal peduncle

above lateral line scales

counted from base of dorsal fin to lateral line

below lateral line scales

counted from anterior margin of anal fin to lateral line

cardiac

anterior portion of stomach

pyloric

posterior portion of stomach

pyloric caeca

sacs near the origin of the intestine that secretes digestive enzymes

physostomous

gas bladder that is connected to the esophagus through a pneumatic duct, found in less derived teleosts

physoclistous

gas bladder that is inflated and deflated by gas exchange with blood, found in more derived teleosts

bulbus arteriosus

anterior chamber of heart

sinus venosus

posterior chamber of heart