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According to NAMI, how many U.S. adults experience mental illness each year

1 in 5 US adults

How many teens with mental illness (ages 6–17)

About 1 in 7 teens experience a mental illness

50% of mental illness begins by

age 14

75% of mental illness begins by

age 24

2nd leading cause of death (ages 10–24)

Suicide

Psychological disorders prevalence

About 20% of U.S. adults (50 million people)

Most common psychological disorders

Depressive disorders and anxiety disorders

Groups most affected by psychological disorders

Women, young adults, and biracial individuals

Diagnostic manual for psychological disorders

DSM-5 / DSM-5-TR

Comorbidity

Having two or more disorders at the same time

ADHD meaning

Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Core symptoms of ADHD

Inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity, delayed cortical maturity

Percentage of children diagnosed with ADHD

About 11%

Causes of ADHD

Genetic and environmental factors - lead exposure, low birth weight, drugs

Not a cause of ADHD

Vaccines

ADHD heritability rate

Approximately 70%

Primary drug treatment for ADHD

Stimulant medications

Examples of ADHD stimulants

Amphetamines and Ritalin

Purpose of EKG before stimulant use

To screen for heart rhythm problems

CBT meaning

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

CBT focus

Changing thinking patterns and behaviors

CBT techniques

Cognitive restructuring, pattern breaking, coping mechanisms

CBT orientation

Present-focused

CBT type

Talk therapy

Neurotransmitters decreased in ADHD

Dopamine and norepinephrine

Effect of stimulants on neurotransmitters

Speed up their release

Dopamine function

Reward, focus, memory, motivation

Why dopamine is targeted by addictive drugs

It controls reward and pleasure pathways

Brain structure influencing motivation

Hypothalamus

Norepinephrine function

Fight-or-flight response, alertness, arousal

Brain structure for voluntary movement

Basal ganglia

Agonists

External molecules that mimic neurotransmitters (e.g., opiates)

Antagonists

Substances that inhibit neurotransmitters

ASD

autism spectrum disorder

autism meaning

within oneself

how many children have ASD

1/50

ASD characteristics

sociality deficits

what treats asd

applied behavioral analysis (ABA)

conditioning utilized in ABA

operant used

when is ABA most beneficial

4> years old