9th Grade Biology Unit 1, Study Guide

Where is water in animal and human cells most often found? Is it in the liquid phase of matter or is is the gas phase of matter?

Liquid phase of matter.

What phase of matter do you find Oxygen?

Gas Phase

What usually holds inorganic compounds together?

Ionic Bonds

What usually holds organic compounds together?

Covalent bonds

Starch being broken down into sugar in the body is an example of what type of reaction?

Decomposition Reaction

What are the four major divisions of biological organic substances?

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids (polymers)

What helps cell walls to conserve internal fluids?

Phospholipids

How is DNA different from RNA?

Different in function and structure

DNA contains what?

deoxyribose and sugar

RNA contains what:

ribose

What speeds up chemical reactions?

catalysts and enzymes

Are catalysts and enzymes consumed when speeding up chemical reactions?

NO

What level electrons are involved in any type of bonding?

Valence level Electrons

The breakdown of a polysaccharide into monosaccharides is an example of what?

Decomposition

Do all the subatomic particles participate in a chemical reaction?

NO

Is a hydrogen bond completed by the transfer of its sole electron to another element. Yes or No

NO - A hydrogen bond IS NOT completed by the transfer of its sole election to another element.

What happens when fats decompose in an organism?

Energy is released.

what is ideally suited to form covalent bonds?

Carbon

Is starch a monosaccharide?

No

What forms polymers?

Organic compounds

What does carbohydrates not always contain?

Protein

What does a compound consists of?

2 or more distinct atoms

A molecule may consist of what?

2 similar elements chemically bonded

what is a quick source of energy

carbohydrates

Most carbohydrates are what?

monosaccharides

What do genetic codes contain?

complex information and detailed instructions

electrons of a neutral atom always equal the number of what?

protons

what happens when salts dissolve in water?

components separate into ions

What is necessary for reactants to combine chemically

input of energy

In metabolism how many things are involved

8 things

Name what is involved in metabolism

synthesis, growth, repair, decomposition, energy release, reversible reactions, equilibrium, exchange reactions, control of PH

Why does carbon bonds to many elements simultaneously?

It is capable of forming multiple covalent bonds

what is starch made up of?

C6, H12, 06

what reads and translates the DNA code?

RNA

what is a biological catalyst

an enzyme

Antibodies, certain hormones and hemoglobin are all what?

Proteins

A chemical reaction in your body in which bonds are broken is associated with what?

the release of energy

AB and an ARROW

A + B is a decomposition reaction

AN atom that has 12 protons in its nucleus has an atomic number of what as well.

12

In the process of ionic bonding outer energy level electrons are what?

Gained and lost

Hemoglobin is a what?

Protein

Sugar is a what?

carbohydrate

DNA is what type of acid?

Nucleic acid

Cholesterol is a what?

Lipid

n = 1 has a maximum of how many electrons in it?

2

n = 2 has a maximum of how many electrons in it?

8

n = 3 has a maximum of how many electrons in it?

18

n = 4 has a maximum of how many electrons in it?

32